Bank Soundness Assessment Using the Risk-Based Bank Rating (RBBR) Framework: Evidence from PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk (2020–2024)
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study evaluates the soundness level of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk during the 2020–2024 period using the Risk-Based Bank Rating (RBBR) framework. A quantitative descriptive–comparative approach was employed using secondary data obtained from the bank’s audited annual reports. Bank soundness was assessed through the RGEC components—Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earnings, and Capital—operationalized into six financial indicators and aggregated into a composite score based on applicable regulatory standards. The results indicate that BRI consistently maintained a Very Healthy composite rating, with scores ranging from 90% to 93.33%. Composite stability was primarily supported by strong performance in the Earnings and Capital components, particularly reflected in the ROA, NIM, and CAR ratios, despite minor fluctuations in liquidity indicators. These findings suggest that sustained profitability and adequate capital play a strategic role in maintaining composite bank soundness stability. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the structural role of profitability and capital adequacy in sustaining composite bank soundness stability within the RGEC framework. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi tingkat kesehatan PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk selama periode 2020–2024 menggunakan kerangka Risk-Based Bank Rating (RBBR). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif-komparatif dengan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari laporan tahunan auditan bank. Penilaian tingkat kesehatan bank dilakukan melalui komponen RGEC—Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earnings, dan Capital—yang dioperasionalkan ke dalam enam indikator keuangan dan diakumulasikan menjadi skor komposit berdasarkan standar regulator yang berlaku. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BRI secara konsisten mempertahankan peringkat komposit Sangat Sehat dengan nilai berkisar antara 90% hingga 93,33%. Stabilitas komposit terutama didukung oleh kinerja kuat pada komponen Earnings dan Capital, khususnya pada rasio ROA, NIM, dan CAR, meskipun terdapat fluktuasi kecil pada indikator likuiditas. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa keberlanjutan profitabilitas dan kecukupan modal memiliki peran strategis dalam menjaga stabilitas tingkat kesehatan bank secara komposit. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada literatur dengan menyoroti peran struktural profitabilitas dan kecukupan modal dalam mempertahankan stabilitas tingkat kesehatan bank dalam kerangka RGEC.
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