HUBUNGAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DAN IMUNISASI DASAR DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA UMUR 24-36 BULAN
Keywords:
Stunting, ASI Eksklusif, Imunisasi Dasar, Balita
Abstract
Pendahuluan: Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang berdampak jangka panjang pada pertumbuhan fisik, perkembangan kognitif, dan kesejahteraan ekonomi anak di masa depan. Di Indonesia, meskipun prevalensi stunting menurun, angka kejadian masih relatif tinggi, termasuk di Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif dan status imunisasi dasar dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 24-36 bulan. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan melibatkan 59 balita berusia 24-36 bulan yang dipilih secara simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan pengukuran antropometri untuk menentukan status stunting berdasarkan Z-score tinggi badan terhadap usia. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji chi-square dengan tingkat signifikansi 5% untuk menguji hubungan antara variabel. Hasil dan Pembahasan: Sebanyak 54,2% balita menerima ASI eksklusif dan 52,5% memperoleh imunisasi dasar lengkap. Prevalensi stunting sebesar 30,5%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan kejadian stunting (p = 0,016; OR = 5,014; 95% CI: 1,485–16,929), serta antara status imunisasi dasar dengan kejadian stunting (p = 0,025; OR = 4,507; 95% CI: 1,342–15,135). Kesimpulan: Riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif dan status imunisasi dasar memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 24-36 bulan di Kota Bandung. Upaya peningkatan edukasi dan cakupan kedua faktor ini sangat penting sebagai strategi pencegahan stunting di daerah perkotaan.
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References
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Purwanti, E., Masitoh, S., & Ronoatmodjo, S. (2025). Association Between Basic Immunization Status and Stunting in Toddlers Aged 12 to 59 Months in Indonesia. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.230
Riskiah, D. M., Sekriptini, A. Y., Judijanto, L., Khariri, K., Sutriyawan, A., & Elvina, A. (2025). Impact of maternal behavior and history of infectious diseases during pregnancy on the prevalence of stunting among children under five years. Journal of Public Health and Development, 23(1), 196–206. https://doi.org/10.55131/jphd/2025/230115
Sahdani, F., Isaura, E. R., & Sumarmi, S. (2021). Association Between Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice, Taburia Supplementation, And Stunting Prevalence Among Children Aged 24–60 Months In Sidotopo Wetan, Surabaya. Media Gizi Indonesia, 16(2), 175. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v16i2.175-181
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Syakur, R., Susanti, R. S., Sakaria, J., Usman, J., & Rosdiana, R. (2024). Analysis Risk Factors And Prevention Management Stunting. Hospital Management Studies Journal, 5(1), 26–37. https://doi.org/10.24252/hmsj.v5i1.45209
Taswin, T., Taufiq, L. O. Muh., Damayanti, W. O. A., & Subhan, M. (2023). Pemberian ASI Eksklusif dan Imunisasi Dasar dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita. Jurnal Kebidanan Malakbi, 4(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.33490/b.v4i1.789
Umiyah, A., & Hamidiyah, A. (2020). Exclusive Breastfeeding With Stunting. STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, 9(2), 471–477. https://doi.org/10.30994/sjik.v9i2.454
WHO. (2023). Levels and trends in child malnutrition: UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Group joint child malnutrition estimates: key findings of the 2023 edition. In World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240073791
Amaha, N. D., & Woldeamanuel, B. T. (2021). Maternal factors associated with moderate and severe stunting in Ethiopian children: analysis of some environmental factors based on 2016 demographic health survey. Nutrition Journal, 20(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-021-00677-6
Anisah, I., Muninggar, M., Wahidin, W., Prihantiningsih, A., & Raidanti, D. (2023). Relationship of exclusive breastfeeding in the effort to prevent stunting in toddlers at Cidahu Health Center in 2022. International Journal of Health & Medical Sciences, 6(4), 215–223. https://doi.org/10.21744/ijhms.v6n4.2212
Bandung Bergerak. (2024, July 2). Pertumbuhan Angka Stunting di Bandung tak Lepas dari Masalah Ekonomi yang Dihadapi Warga Kurang Mampu. BandungBergerak.Id. https://bandungbergerak.id/article/detail/1597596/pertumbuhan-angka-stunting-di-bandung-tak-lepas-dari-masalah-ekonomi-yang-dihadapi-warga-kurang-mampu?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Ekawaty, F., & Mulyani, S. (2022). Analisis Faktor Determinan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Desa Siau dalam Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 22(2), 841. https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v22i2.1989
Elisia, L., Etika, R., Aprilawati, D., & Mahiroh, H. (2023). The Relationship Between Exclusive Breastfeeding History to Stunting Incidence in Children Aged 6-24 Months in The Working Area of The Gunung Anyar Community Health Center, Surabaya, Indonesia. Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Research, 4(2), 123–129. https://doi.org/10.20473/jcmphr.v4i2.44661
Fadhila, A. R. R., Hamdiah, D., & Sari, R. (2024). Hubungan Pemberian Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Anak Balita Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Singandaru. Jawara : Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan, 5(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.62870/jik.v5i1.25848
Fibrianti, F., Palupi, F. H., Mentari, W. D., Setiyadi, A., & Sutriyawan, A. (2025). Modeling determinants of stunting among children under five years in Urban Areas. International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), 14(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v14i1.24721
Fidyah Aminin, Melly Damayanti, Nurul Aini Suria Saputri, & Darwitri, D. (2022). Determinants Of Stunting: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Social Science, 1(6), 1065–1076. https://doi.org/10.53625/ijss.v1i6.2425
Harzuna, A., Trisnawati, E., & Budiastutik, I. (2025). Riwayat Imunisasi Dan Konsumsi Gizi Rumah Tangga Sebagai Faktor Risiko Stunting Pada Masyarakat Perbatasan Kota Di Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Avicenna: Jurnal Ilmiah, 19(3), 179–189. https://doi.org/10.36085/avicenna.v19i3.7318
Kemenkes RI. (2024). Membentengi Anak Dari Stunting. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. https://link.kemkes.go.id/mediakom
Kurniawati, A., Kusuma, F. V., & Paryono, H. (2021). Effect of Exclusive Breastfeeding on Stunting in Children Under Five at Pedan Health Center, Klaten, Central Java, Indonesia. Developing a Global Pandemic Exit Strategy and Framework for Global Health Security, 168. https://doi.org/10.26911/AB.Maternal.ICPH.08.2021.42
M. Hadi. (2023). Association Between Exclusive Breastfeeding And Stunting In Children : A Systematic Review. Journal of Advance Research in Medical & Health Science (ISSN: 2208-2425), 9(6), 90–94. https://doi.org/10.53555/nnmhs.v9i6.1740
Meher, C., Zaluchu, F., & Eyanoer, P. C. (2023). Local approaches and ineffectivity in reducing stunting in children: A case study of policy in Indonesia. F1000Research, 12, 217. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.130902.1
Mulaw, G. F., Adem, O. S., & Belachew, A. B. (2020). Determinants of Stunting among Children Aged 6-23 Months of Age in Pastoral Community, Afar Region, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study. International Journal of Child Health and Nutrition, 9(4), 191–201. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4247.2020.09.04.6
Purwanti, E., Masitoh, S., & Ronoatmodjo, S. (2025). Association Between Basic Immunization Status and Stunting in Toddlers Aged 12 to 59 Months in Indonesia. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.24.230
Riskiah, D. M., Sekriptini, A. Y., Judijanto, L., Khariri, K., Sutriyawan, A., & Elvina, A. (2025). Impact of maternal behavior and history of infectious diseases during pregnancy on the prevalence of stunting among children under five years. Journal of Public Health and Development, 23(1), 196–206. https://doi.org/10.55131/jphd/2025/230115
Sahdani, F., Isaura, E. R., & Sumarmi, S. (2021). Association Between Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice, Taburia Supplementation, And Stunting Prevalence Among Children Aged 24–60 Months In Sidotopo Wetan, Surabaya. Media Gizi Indonesia, 16(2), 175. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v16i2.175-181
Sutriyawan, A. (2021). Metodologi Penelitian Kedokteran dan Kesehatan: Dilengkapi Tuntunan Membuat Proposal Penelitian. Bandung: PT Refika Aditama.
Syakur, R., Susanti, R. S., Sakaria, J., Usman, J., & Rosdiana, R. (2024). Analysis Risk Factors And Prevention Management Stunting. Hospital Management Studies Journal, 5(1), 26–37. https://doi.org/10.24252/hmsj.v5i1.45209
Taswin, T., Taufiq, L. O. Muh., Damayanti, W. O. A., & Subhan, M. (2023). Pemberian ASI Eksklusif dan Imunisasi Dasar dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita. Jurnal Kebidanan Malakbi, 4(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.33490/b.v4i1.789
Umiyah, A., & Hamidiyah, A. (2020). Exclusive Breastfeeding With Stunting. STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, 9(2), 471–477. https://doi.org/10.30994/sjik.v9i2.454
WHO. (2023). Levels and trends in child malnutrition: UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Group joint child malnutrition estimates: key findings of the 2023 edition. In World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240073791
Published
2025-04-30
How to Cite
ASHARI, I. (2025). HUBUNGAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DAN IMUNISASI DASAR DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA UMUR 24-36 BULAN. Journal Of Midwifery, 13(1), 109-115. Retrieved from https://jurnal.unived.ac.id/index.php/JM/article/view/8745
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