AI tools, large language models, chatbots, and other automated systems cannot be listed as authors or co-authors. Authorship requires human responsibility and accountability for the integrity, originality, accuracy, and ethical compliance of the manuscript.

Authors may use AI-assisted tools for activities such as language improvement, grammar checking, translation assistance, idea organization, coding support, or other supportive functions, provided that such use does not replace the authors' intellectual contribution and does not compromise research integrity.

Authors remain fully responsible for verifying all AI-assisted content, including facts, references, citations, numerical information, analyses, interpretations, and conclusions. Fabricated references, manipulated evidence, false information, or unverifiable AI-generated content are not acceptable.

Editors and reviewers must protect the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts. Unpublished manuscript content, confidential data, author information, or review materials should not be uploaded to public generative AI systems when doing so could compromise confidentiality, intellectual property, or data protection.

AI must not be used to fabricate, falsify, or deceptively manipulate research data, figures, images, statistical results, respondents, references, or other research evidence. Legitimate image processing or analytical assistance must not misrepresent the original research findings.