FAKTOR PSIKOSOSIAL DAN KESEJAHTERAAN MENTAL PENGEMUDI OJEK ONLINE DI BENGKULU: STUDI MIXED-METHODS TENTANG BEBAN KERJA, DUKUNGAN SOSIAL, DAN DINAMIKA EKONOMI
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh faktor psikososial terhadap kesejahteraan mental pekerja ojek online di Bengkulu, dengan fokus pada beban kerja, dukungan sosial, tekanan pelanggan, dan keseimbangan kehidupan kerja. Penelitian mixed-methods ini mengkaji faktor psikososial yang memengaruhi kesejahteraan mental pengemudi ojek online di Bengkulu, Indonesia. Data kuantitatif dari survei terhadap 100 pengemudi menunjukkan bahwa beban kerja berpengaruh negatif (β = -0,362, *p* < 0,01), sedangkan dukungan sosial berpengaruh positif (β = 0,423, *p* < 0,01) terhadap kesejahteraan mental. Tekanan pelanggan dan keseimbangan kerja-kehidupan tidak signifikan. Temuan kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam dengan 10 partisipan mengungkap tekanan algoritmik (sistem penilaian tidak transparan, target harian tidak realistis) dan stigma sosial sebagai pemicu stres utama, diperparah oleh ketidakpastian ekonomi akibat penghasilan tidak stabil dan ketergantungan pada utang. Penelitian ini memperluas Teori Job Demands-Resources dengan memperkenalkan tekanan algoritmik sebagai tuntutan kerja baru dan kerentanan ekonomi sebagai mediator. Rekomendasi praktis mencakup reformasi platform (algoritma transparan, pembatasan beban kerja) serta kebijakan pemerintah (layanan kesehatan mental, perlindungan sosial). Integrasi temuan kuantitatif-kualitatif menegaskan pentingnya intervensi holistik yang menjangkau ketidakadilan sistemik dan penguatan dukungan komunitas untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan mental pekerja ojek online.
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