ANALISA PRAKTIK SWAMEDIKASI DI KOTA BENGKULU
Abstract
Praktik swamedikasi merupakan praktik penggunaan obat-obatan pada seseorang untuk mengobati gejala atau gangguan kesehatan yang didiagnosis sendiri atau berdasarkan keluhan gejala yang pernah dirasakan di masa lampau. Badan Pusat Statistik menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari 60% masyarakat di Indonesia melakukan pengobatan sendiri. Praktik swamedikasi ini jika dilakukan dengan benar dapat mengurangi beban pemerintah dalam pelayanan kesehatan di sarana pelayanan kesehatan. Akan tetapi, praktik swamedikasi yang dilakukan tidak tepat dapat menimbulkan resiko tidak tercapainya efek kesembuhan yang diinginkan pasien. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi pelaksanaan praktik swamedikasi di masyarakat Kota Bengkulu. Penelitian deskriptif ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling. Berdasarkan perhitungan jumlah sampel, diperoleh sebanyak 200 responden di Kota Bengkulu yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisa univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji Chi Square dengan taraf signifikasi (0,05). Dari hasil analisa univariat diperoleh distribusi demografi responden berusia antara 20-39 tahun (54,5%), berjenis kelamin wanita (64%) dan sudah menikah (77,5%). Dalam aspek pelayanan kesehatan, kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan (83%). Praktik swamedikasi dilakukan untuk mengatasi keluhan nyeri (22%), alasan melakukan swamedikasi karena penyakit yang dialami kategori ringan (41,5%), jangka waktu keluhan sakit yang dirasakan yaitu kurang dari 3 hari (77,5%), tingkat keparahan sakit yang dirasakan ringan (76%), jangka waktu penggunaan obat 1-3 hari (77%), sumber informasi obat yang digunakan adalah dari resep dokter (38,5), sumber informasi pemakaian obat adalah tenaga farmasi di apotik (68,5), rata-rata kunjungan ke apotek dalam 1 bulan adalah 1 kali (43%) dan tempat memperoleh obat selain di apotek adalah toko obat (63%). Hasil analisis hubungan antara variabel dependen dan variabel independen diperoleh hasil bahwa ada hubungan variabel umur (p=0,03), jenis kelamin (p=0,043) dan keparahan penyakit (p=0,014) dengan praktek swamedikasi di Kota Bengkulu. Sedangkan variabel Status Pernikahan, pendidikan, pekerjaan, jarak rumah, lama sakit, kepemilikan BPJS, lama penggunaan obat menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan dengan praktek swamedikasi di Kota Bengkulu.
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