KORELASI LEVEL EKSPRESI GEN HMGA2 DENGAN DISTRIBUSI DAN INTENSITAS PROTEIN HMGA2 PADA KANKER SERVIKS
Abstract
Pendahuluan: Kanker serviks yang merupakan penyebab utama kematian wanita terkait kanker, dengan infeksi Human Papillomavirus (HPV) tipe 16 dan 18 sebagai faktor risiko utama. Keterlambatan diagnosis dan kurangnya program skrining yang efektif menyebabkan sebagian besar kasus kanker serviks baru terdeteksi pada stadium lanjut, sehingga sulit ditangani secara efektif. Gen HMGA2, yang berperan penting dalam karsinogenesis, telah diteliti sebagai salah satu faktor yang berpotensi menjadi biomarker dalam deteksi dini dan penilaian perkembangan kanker serviks. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini berfokus pada pengukuran ekspresi gen HMGA2 serta distribusi dan intensitas ekspresinya pada jaringan kanker serviks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi korelasi antara ekspresi gen HMGA2 dengan distribusi dan intensitas ekspresinya pada jaringan kanker serviks. Metode: penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental laboratorium dengan menganalisis ekspresi gen HMGA2 melalui teknik qPCR dan distribusi serta intensitas protein HMGA2 menggunakan imunohistokimia (IHC). Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah hasil biopsi jaringan kanker serviks yang telah dikonfirmasi secara histopatologi. Hasil: Berdasarkan data demografi sampel penelitian, karakteristik usia responden menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar sampel berada dalam rentang usia 45–59 tahun (60%), diikuti oleh kelompok usia di atas 60 tahun (30%), dan kelompok usia 19–44 tahun sebagai yang paling sedikit (10%). Walaupun secara kuantatif tidak berbeda signifikan (p>0,05), namun secara kualitatif, distribusi dan intensitas ekspresi HMGA2 memiliki perbedaan. Terdapat korelasi positif kuat dan signifikan antara ekspresi mRNA HMGA2 dengan intensitas ekspresi protein HMGA2 pada jaringan kanker serviks (r = 0,8175; p = 0,0247). Demikian halnya dengan ekspresi mRNA HMGA2 yang memiliki korelasi positif kuat dengan distribusi area ekspresi protein HMGA2 (r = 0,6684; p = 0,1007), namun tidak signifikan. Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi positif yang kuat antara ekspresi mRNA HMGA2 dengan intensitas dan distribusi protein HMGA2, walaupun tidak ditemukan korelasi yang signifikan pada distribusi protein HMGA2.
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