Student Scientific Journal

Factors Influencing The Occurrence Of Rheumatoid Arthritis In The Elderly At The Telaga Dewa Community Health Center, Bengkulu City

Seftiawan Radiansyah — 2026-10-25

In Indonesia, the elderly are the most vulnerable group to rheumatoid arthritis due to the ongoing degenerative process and a decline in the immune system. This causes RA to become a serious threat to the independence of the elderly, especially in carrying out daily activities. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence the occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis in the elderly at the Telaga Dewa Community Health Center, Bengkulu City in 2025. The research method used is descriptive quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used Accidental Sampling technique with a sample size of 61 people representing all elderly patients at the Telaga Dewa Community Health Center, Bengkulu City in 2025. The results of this study show that most respondents (55.1%) have insufficient knowledge, most respondents (61.5%) with obesity status, and most respondents (51.3%) with no genetic status. There is a relationship between knowledge and obesity status with the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis, there is no relationship between genetic status with the incidence of Rheumatoid Arthritis in the elderly at the Telaga Dewa Community Health Center, Bengkulu City

Implementation of Hypertension Screening Among Older Adults and Its Achievement of the Minimum Service Standards (MSS): A Case Study at Jalan Gedang Public Health Center, Bengkulu City, in 2025

Eva Yunani — 2026-10-25

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 2024. hypertension is a condition when systolic blood pressure is ≥140 mmHg and or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg which are measured on two different examinations. Screening is the early detection of diseases or risk factors in individuals who appear healthy. Objective: to assess the extent of the implementation of Hypertension Screening for the elderly at the Jalan Gedang health center whether it has met SPM standards, identify supporting and inhibiting factors, and prepare policy recommendations to improve the coverage and quality of hypertension screening services for the elderly according to the target. This research is a qualitative research with a case study approach. Using the theory of Pawson, R. and Tilley, N. (1997). This approach views the outcome of a program as greatly influenced by its context and implementation mechanism. The results of the study show that the implementation of hypertension screening for the elderly at the Jalan Gedang health center in Bengkulu has been carried out through health services for the elderly who visit the health center, home visit, and ILP posyandu which are carried out once a month according to the schedule at their respective posyandu. However, the screening achievement is not optimal because it is influenced by limited resources, facilities and infrastructure as well as the participation of the elderly. According to the theory of Primary Health Care, first-level health services must be able to reach vulnerable groups, including the elderly, through a community-based approach. The factors supporting the policy at the health center are clear regulations, leadership commitment, budget support, availability of human resources, adequate SOPs, and cross-sector and community support. Inhibiting factors are limited human resources, low awareness of the elderly, and socio-economic conditions, facilities and infrastructure. Recommendations for accessibility, curation and standardization policies. The result of SPM achievement in 2024 is 45.9%, in 2025 mwill experience an increase of 55.62% (<60%) that has not met the minimum quality/recipient of services as targeted by the Indonesian Minister of Health Regulation No.04 2019

The Implementation of The Regulation of The Minister of Health of The Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2024 on Organizational Structure and Work Procedures at The Health Office of South Bengkulu Regency In 2025

Faiqatul Latifah — 2026-10-28

The implementation of organizational structure and work procedure policies is essential to support effective regional health services. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia issued Ministerial Regulation No. 21 of 2024 as part of national health system reform and transformation. However, its regional implementation still faces various challenges. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Ministerial Regulation No. 21 of 2024 at Health Office of South Bengkulu Regency and identify supporting and inhibiting factors. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study design. Informants were purposively selected, including leaders and staff involved in organizational structure and work procedures management. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and document review, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The results show that the implementation of Ministerial Regulation No. 21 of 2024 at the Health Office of South Bengkulu Regency has not been optimal due to the absence of formal adjustments to organizational structure and work procedures. Main obstacles include uneven technical understanding, ineffective policy communication, limited human resources and budget, normative implementer disposition, and bureaucratic structures not yet aligned with national policies. The inconsistency between central and regional regulations has hindered comprehensive policy implementation. The study concludes that successful implementation of organizational structure and work procedure policies requires effective communication, adequate resources, implementer commitment, and alignment between central and regional regulations. This study recommends accelerating regional regulatory adjustments and strengthening government officials’ capacity to support more effective health governance.

An Analysis of Factors Influencing Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Infants at Air Manjunto Health Center Of Mukomuko Regency in 2025

Bayu Arfina Faridawati — 2026-10-28

Exclusive breastfeeding is a crucial effort to improve infant nutritional and health status and support the achievement of the target of reducing infant mortality. However, exclusive breastfeeding coverage in Mukomuko Regency has yet to reach the national target. This study aims to analyze factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding among infants in the Air Manjunto Health Center in Mukomuko Regency in 2025. This study used quantitative methods with a descriptive analytical design and a cross-sectional approach. The study population was all 372 mothers with infants aged 6–24 months, with a sample of 79 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed univariately, bivariately using the chi-square test, and multivariately using logistic regression. The results showed that the majority of respondents were multiparous (63.3%), unemployed (74.7%), and received support from health workers (77.2%). Bivariate analysis revealed a relationship between parity, employment, health worker support, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and sociocultural factors with exclusive breastfeeding. Multivariate analysis showed that breastfeeding self-efficacy was the most dominant factor influencing exclusive breastfeeding. The study concluded that the success of exclusive breastfeeding is influenced by individual factors, support from health workers, and psychological and sociocultural factors. Increasing maternal confidence in breastfeeding and strengthening support from health workers and families is necessary to increase the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding.

Analysis of Risk Factors for Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) Incidence at Lubuk Sanai Public Health Center, Mukomuko Regency, in 2025

Marnita Marnita — 2026-10-28

Dengue Fever (DF) remains a public health problem in the working area of Lubuk Sanai Health Center, Mukomuko Regency, marked by an increase in cases influenced by behavioral and environmental factors. This study aims to analyze the risk factors for DF incidents in the working area of Lubuk Sanai Health Center in 2025. This study used an observational analytic design with a quantitative approach which involved 84 respondents selected from the working area of Lubuk Sanai Health Center. Independent variables included public knowledge about DF, implementation of 5M Plus Mosquito Nest Eradication (PSN) practices, presence of mosquito larvae, habit of hanging clothes, and condition of water storage places, while the dependent variable was DF incidence. Data were collected through questionnaires and environmental observation. Data analysis was performed univariately to see frequency distributions, bivariately using the chi-square test to determine relationships between variables, and multivariately using logistic regression to determine dominant factors. The results showed that the majority of respondents had poor knowledge (57.1%), were poor in carrying out 5M Plus PSN practices (56%), had mosquito larvae in the house (69%), had a habit of hanging clothes (64.3%), and had poor conditions of water storage places (63.1%). There were associations between knowledge (p=0.024), 5M Plus PSN practices (p=0.000), presence of mosquito larvae (p=0.025), habit of hanging clothes (p=0.021), and water storage places (p=0.036) with DF incidence. 5M Plus PSN practice was the most dominant factor affecting DF incidence (p<0.001; Exp(B)=11.590). The conclusion of this study is that community behavior and household environmental conditions play an important role in DF incidence. The researchers suggest the need to increase health education and consistent implementation of 5M Plus PSN to reduce DF risk

An Analysis of Factors Influencing The Implementation of Occupational Safety and Health in Health Service Facilities at Health Centers Across Bengkulu Province

Netti Herawati. A — 2026-10-28

The implementation of occupational safety and health (OHS) in health care facilities at health centers in Bengkulu Province remains low. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the implementation of occupational safety and health in health care facilities at health centers throughout Bengkulu Province. This quantitative study used an analytical survey approach. Purposive sampling was used to select the sample, and data were collected by distributing questionnaires to 72 respondents responsible for OHS at health centers. Univariate analysis revealed that most OHS implementation at the health center was good. Bivariate analysis revealed a significant influence between policies, management support, facilities, supervision, training, and OHS information on OHS implementation at the community health centers. There was no significant influence between tenure and OHS implementation at health centers. The results of the multivariate analysis revealed a significant simultaneous influence between policies, management support, facilities, supervision, training, and OHS information on OHS implementation in health centers throughout Bengkulu Province, with the dominant factor being policy. The researchers recommend that the health center strengthen OHS policy implementation, management commitment and support, increase the capacity of OHS officers, and continuously improve OHS communication and information delivery systems.

The Implementation of Smoke-Free Zones (SFZ) at Health Centers in the Working Area of Health Office, Central Bengkulu Regency in 2025

Ida Riyani — 2026-10-28

This study aims to analyze and obtain more in-depth information regarding the implementation of Smoke-Free Zone (SFZ)at health centers and to recommend strategies that can be applied to improve the effectiveness of Smoke-Free Zone (SFZ) implementation in health centers within the jurisdiction of the Health Office, Central Bengkulu Regency. The novelty of this research lies in its focus on the behavior of health workers toward the implementation of smoke-free zone in public service spaces, particularly within healthcare settings.This study employed a qualitative case study approach using the policy implementation framework proposed by George C. Edward III (1980) as a benchmarking theory. Data analysis was conducted using NVivo software through several stages, including importing audio data into transcripts, open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The analysis was further supported by the use of features such as nodes, hierarchy charts, and word frequency analysis. A total of 20 informants who met the study criteria were involved in this research.The findings and recommendations of this study suggest that, to improve the effectiveness of Smoke-Free Zone (SFZ) implementation, the Central Bengkulu District Government should immediately formulate and enact a regional regulation (Perda) on Smoke-Free Zone as a strong and binding legal framework. The existence of such regional regulation is crucial to provide legal certainty, clarify the authority of policy implementers, and establish the basis for administrative and other sanctions for violations. Furthermore, the regulation is expected to strengthen cross-sectoral coordination, particularly between the Health Office and Satpol PP.

The Relationship Between Pregnant Women’s Knowledge and the Completeness of Tetanus Toxoid Immunization Among Pregnant Women in the Service Area of the Telaga Dewa Community Health Center, Bengkulu City, in 2025

Deka Okta Risa — 2026-10-28

Tetanus Toxoid (TT)/Td2+ immunization coverage among pregnant women in Indonesia in 2022 remained suboptimal at 72.7%, indicating that a proportion of pregnant women had not yet received complete immunization as recommended. Tetanus Toxoid immunization is an important preventive measure to reduce the risk of maternal and neonatal tetanus, considering that infection remains one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in Indonesia. This study aims to examine the relationship between the level of knowledge of pregnant women and the completeness of Tetanus Toxoid immunization in the working area of Telaga Dewa Public Health Center, Bengkulu City, in 2025. The study employed a cross-sectional research design. The sampling technique used was total sampling, involving 36 pregnant women as respondents. The research instruments consisted of questionnaires measuring pregnant women’s knowledge levels and the completeness of Tetanus Toxoid immunization. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Chi-Square test. The results showed that the majority of respondents had a good level of knowledge, with 20 respondents (55.6%). In addition, most pregnant women had received complete Tetanus Toxoid immunization, totaling 25 respondents (69.4%). The bivariate analysis indicated a significant relationship between pregnant women’s knowledge level and the completeness of Tetanus Toxoid immunization, with a p-value of 0.002 (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the level of knowledge of pregnant women plays an important role in supporting the completeness of Tetanus Toxoid immunization during pregnancy. Therefore, strengthening knowledge aspects through antenatal care services is an essential component in efforts to enhance protection for mothers and infants against the risk of tetanus.

The Relationship Between Sleep Quality and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients at the Sawah Lebar Community Health Center in Bengkulu City in 2025

Febriyani Yulisa — 2026-10-28

Hypertension is a major global health problem and a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. One of the factors influencing blood pressure regulation is sleep quality, which is often overlooked in clinical management. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between sleep quality and blood pressure among hypertensive patients. This study employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 60 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), while blood pressure was measured using a sphygmomanometer. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods, with the chi-square test at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that 65% of respondents had poor sleep quality and 70% had uncontrolled blood pressure. The chi-square test indicated a significant relationship between sleep quality and blood pressure (p = 0.021). Respondents with poor sleep quality were more likely to have uncontrolled blood pressure compared to those with good sleep quality. In conclusion, sleep quality is significantly associated with blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Improving sleep quality may serve as an important non-pharmacological strategy in blood pressure management.

The Effect Of Health Education On Mothers’ Knowledge Level In Preventing Typhoid Fever Among Preschool Children At The Pediatric Outpatient Clinic Of Bhayangkara Hospital, Bengkulu City, 2026

Bobi Pranata — 2026-10-28

Typhoid fever remains a public health problem, particularly among preschool-aged children who are vulnerable to infection due to inadequate hygiene and sanitation practices. In Indonesia, the incidence of typhoid fever ranges from 350–810 cases per 100,000 population annually. In Bengkulu City, 456 cases were reported in 2025, while Bhayangkara Hospital of Bengkulu City recorded an increase in cases among preschool-aged children from 109 cases in 2024 to 112 cases in 2025, and 39 cases during January–February 2026. Interviews with 10 mothers revealed that 7 mothers did not have adequate knowledge regarding proper typhoid fever prevention. Therefore, health education is needed to improve mothers’ knowledge. To determine the effect of health education on mothers’ knowledge regarding the prevention of typhoid fever among preschool-aged children at the Pediatric Clinic of Bhayangkara Hospital, Bengkulu City, in 2026. This study employed a pre-experimental design using a one-group pretest-posttest design approach. The sample consisted of 28 respondents selected through an accidental sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test with a significance level of α = 0.05. Before the intervention, most respondents had poor knowledge, accounting for 16 respondents (57.1%). After receiving health education, the majority had sufficient knowledge, with 15 respondents (53.6%), while 13 respondents (46.4%) had good knowledge. The Wilcoxon test results showed Z = -4.613 and a p-value = 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant effect of health education on improving mothers’ knowledge in preventing typhoid fever among preschool-aged children. Mothers or parents are encouraged to enhance their knowledge and implement Clean and Healthy Living Behaviors (PHBS) to prevent typhoid fever. Health service facilities are expected to provide regular health education as part of promotive and preventive efforts.

The Relationship Between the Role of Health Workers and Family Support and Medication Adherence Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in the Working Area of Telaga Dewa Public Health Center, Bengkulu City

Zalpa Entin Sari — 2026-10-28

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a communicable disease that remains a major public health problem, in which treatment success is strongly influenced by patients’ adherence to medication. Medication adherence is affected by various factors, including the role of health workers and family support. This study aims to examine the relationship between the role of health workers and family support and medication adherence among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the working area of Telaga Dewa Public Health Center, Bengkulu City. This study employed an analytical research design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of all pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the working area of Telaga Dewa Public Health Center, Bengkulu City, with a sample size of 69 respondents. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires, while data analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that the majority of respondents perceived the role of health workers as inadequate, amounting to 40 respondents (58.0%), and had low family support, with 38 respondents (55.1%). In addition, most respondents were non-adherent to medication, totaling 37 respondents (53.6%). The bivariate analysis indicated a significant relationship between the role of health workers and medication adherence among pulmonary tuberculosis patients (p-value < 0.05). Likewise, a significant relationship was found between family support and medication adherence among pulmonary tuberculosis patients (p-value < 0.05). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the role of health workers and family support and medication adherence among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. It is expected that both health workers and family members can enhance their roles in supporting treatment adherence among pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Management of the Free Health Check-Up Program for Non-Communicable Disease Control at the Genuk Community Health Center Semarang City

Solikatul Fitri Yani — 2026-10-28

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of death, necessitating prevention efforts through the CKG program. However, the implementation of the CKG program at the Genuk Community Health Center (Puskesmas) has not been optimal; therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the program's management and the factors influencing community behavior regarding participation in the CKG program. This study aims to analyze the management of the CKG program and the behavioral factors affecting community participation in the program. The study employs a mixed-methods approach with a sequential exploratory design. Qualitative results indicate that the input aspect still faces human resource limitations in out-of-building services and the unavailability of a dedicated budget, while infrastructure, SOPs, and technology have supported program implementation. Process aspects, planning is not optimal and implementation still faces obstacles, although organization and supervision have been running well. The output aspect shows that the program's coverage target has not been achieved, but program integration and adaptation have been running well. Quantitative results indicate that predisposing factors, as well as supporting factors, are in the good category, while reinforcing factors are still less than optimal. It is concluded that the management of the CKG program at the Genuk Community Health Center (Puskesmas) is underway but not yet optimal regarding human resources, funding, planning, implementation, target achievement, and factors reinforcing community behavior. Recommendations include strengthening human resources, allocating a dedicated budget, optimizing planning and implementation, and increasing support from family, friends, and health workers to improve CKG program coverage.

Classification of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Severity Based on Apfel and Koivuranta Scores in Patients Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia at Cilacap Regional General Hospital: A Descriptive Study

Destina Farinda — 2026-10-28

Spinal anesthesia is a widely used regional anesthetic technique in surgical procedures; however, it may cause postoperative complications, particularly Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV). PONV is a common complication that affects patient comfort, prolongs recovery room stay, and increases healthcare costs. Various predictive scoring systems have been developed to anticipate PONV risk, including the Apfel score and the Koivuranta score. To describe the classification of the degree of PONV incidence using the Apfel and Koivuranta score predictors in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia at RSUD Cilacap This was a descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional design and consecutive sampling technique. A total of 132 patients were included as respondents. The majority of respondents were in the elderly age group (>65 years), accounting for 36 patients (27.1%), and were predominantly male with 81 patients (61.4%). The classification of PONV degree based on the Apfel score showed the highest proportion in the severe category with 50 patients (37.9%), while based on the Koivuranta score, the highest proportion was in the moderate category with 86 patients (65.2%). PONV incidence based on VAS showed the highest degree was mild with 80 patients (60.6%). These findings emphasize the importance of routinely applying PONV prediction scores in the perioperative management of spinal anesthesia patients to improve the quality of postoperative recovery

The Effectiveness of Assistance in Brushing Teeth Using the Fones Method on Oral and Dental Hygiene in Preschool Children with Cavities in Desa Tengah, Central Padang Bengkulu

Desi Aulia Umami — 2026-10-28

Dental caries among preschool children remains a community health problem because daily toothbrushing is often not supported by proper technique and consistent supervision. This activity aimed to assess the effectiveness of assisted toothbrushing using the Fones method in improving dental and oral hygiene among preschool children in Tengah Padang Village, Bengkulu Tengah Regency. The activity used an educational assistance approach with pre and post measurements involving 24 preschool children with dental caries. Data were collected through observation of toothbrushing practice and oral hygiene assessment, then analyzed using category distribution, mean comparison, and paired testing. The results showed that before assistance most children were in the poor hygiene category, namely 14 children or 58.4 percent. After assistance, the good category increased to 15 children or 62.5 percent. The mean score decreased from 2.42 to 1.46 with a p value of 0.001. Assisted toothbrushing using the Fones method helped children perform a simple circular brushing movement that is memorable and appropriate for preschool motor development

Method for Assessing the Level of Pharmacists' Knowledge of Antibiotic Resistance

Era Natalica — 2026-10-28

primarily driven by the irrational use of antibiotics. Pharmacists play a strategic role in promoting appropriate antibiotic use through the implementation of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASP), This narrative review aimed to examine the methods used to evaluate pharmacists' knowledge of antibiotic resistance. A literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect with keywords related to pharmacist knowledge, antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial stewardship, and assessment methods. Twenty eligible articles were synthesized narratively. Highlighting the need for reliable methods to assess their knowledge of antibiotic resistance. The findings indicated that the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) questionnaire was the most frequently employed assessment method because it comprehensively evaluates knowledge, attitudes, and professional practices. Furthermore, validated and reliable instruments provide more accurate and consistent measurements. However, substantial variations remain in assessment indicators, validation procedures, and questionnaire characteristics, indicating the absence of a standardized assessment instrument. Developing standardized, valid, and reliable assessment methods is essential to improve the evaluation of pharmacists' competencies and to strengthen the implementation of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in preventing and controlling antibiotic resistance.

The Effect Of The Effectiveness Of Honey, Snakehead Fish Extract Albumin, And Honey Albumin In Inhibiting The Growth Of Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Dhamar Heksa Anggaet Saputra — 2026-10-28

Escherichia coli-related diarrhea remains a health problem and requires natural adjunctive alternatives. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of multiflora honey, snakehead fish albumin extract, and honey-albumin against Escherichia coli growth. This in vitro experiment used the well diffusion method in negative control, honey, albumin, and honey-albumin groups, each with nine replications; inhibition zone diameters were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and post hoc comparisons. The mean inhibition zones were 27.01 mm for honey-albumin, 26.46 mm for honey, 2.65 mm for albumin, and 0 mm for negative control, with a significant difference among groups (p < 0.001). Honey-albumin and honey effectively inhibited Escherichia coli, whereas albumin showed weak inhibition; honey-albumin had the highest descriptive value but did not differ significantly from honey.

Early Detection Of Hypertension In Kunduran Village, Ulu Musi District, Empat Lawang Regency

Hengki Tranado — 2026-10-28

Hypertension is a condition characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure, defined as a systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mmHg based on repeated measurements. According to the latest data from the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 1.28 billion adults aged 30–79 years worldwide have hypertension. Data from the Empat Lawang District Health Office for 2023 indicate that in Empat Lawang District, there are an estimated 52,374 residents aged ≥15 years with hypertension. Of this number, 28,164 people with hypertension were recorded as having received health care services. Thus, according to these data, approximately 53.8% of the estimated number of people with hypertension in Empat Lawang were recorded as having received care. Based on data from the Padang Tepong Community Health Center in 2024, there were 80 cases of hypertension. This study employed a descriptive research method with a cross-sectional approach aimed at the early detection of hypertension among the community in Kunduran Village, Ulu Musi Subdistrict, Empat Lawang Regency. The study was conducted by directly measuring blood pressure in respondents using a standard sphygmomanometer. The population in this study consisted of all older adults in Kunduran Village, with a sample of 90 respondents selected using either total sampling or purposive sampling. A portion of the respondents (54.4%) had a family history of hypertension; the majority of respondents (63.3%) were active smokers; and the majority of respondents (61.1%) were in the high-risk age group in Kunduran Village, Ulu Musi Subdistrict, Empat Lawang Regency. Overall, the results of this study indicate that family history, smoking habits, and age are significant risk factors associated with the incidence of hypertension in Kunduran Village. Therefore, efforts for the early detection of hypertension should focus on community groups with these risk factors. In addition to routine blood pressure checks, health education regarding lifestyle changes—such as quitting smoking and adopting a healthy lifestyle—is necessary to reduce the risk of hypertension and its complications. Based on the study results, it can be concluded that some respondents have risk factors for hypertension, namely a family history of hypertension, smoking habits, and being in a high-risk age group. The results of the bivariate analysis using the chi-square test showed that there was a significant association between family history, smoking habits, and age with the incidence of hypertension, with p-values of less than 0.05 for each. This indicates that genetic factors, smoking behavior, and the aging process play an important role in the development of hypertension among the residents of Kunduran Village. Therefore, early detection of hypertension is essential as a measure for the prevention and control of hypertension at the community level.

The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Physical Fitness in Adolescents At the Qoryatul Qur’an Islamic Boarding School

Dyvina Salsabila Nafiah — 2026-10-28

Fitness is an important aspect of supporting personal health and well-being, especially for adolescents who are still growing and developing. Given the busy and structured daily activities at Islamic boarding schools, improving physical fitness becomes even more important. The general public views aerobic exercise and functional training as effective methods for optimizing muscle strength, balance, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory capacity, as well as for improving cognitive function and mental health through enhanced blood flow to the brain and emotional stability. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on physical fitness among adolescents in Islamic boarding schools. The research method used was a true quantitative experimental study with a simple random sampling technique, involving a sample size of 40 adolescents divided into two groups: the experimental group (n=20) and the control group (n=20). The experimental group was given aerobic exercise as the intervention during the study period, while the control group continued their usual activities. Physical fitness was measured using the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (TKJI), administered before the intervention (pretest) and after the intervention (posttest). Data analysis involved tests for normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis testing using a paired t-test with a significance level of 5%. Based on the results of data analysis, descriptions, statistical tests, and discussion, it can be concluded that there was an improvement in physical fitness among adolescents at the Qoryatul Quran Islamic boarding school who performed regular aerobic exercise, with a p-value <0.05, as well as an increase in the mean score between the pretest and posttest in the experimental group. Based on the results of the hypothesis testing using statistical analysis, a t-value of -6.127 was obtained with a significance level of <0.001, indicating a significant difference in the improvement in physical fitness between the experimental group and the control group. Thus, structured aerobic exercise training can have a significant effect on improving physical fitness in adolescents.

Formulation and Stability Testing of a Combination Cream Preparation Containing Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Extract and Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck Peel Extract with Variations in Tea

Yomi Elina — 2026-10-28

The combination cream of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. extract and Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck peel extract has the potential to be developed as a topical formulation due to its antioxidant bioactive compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of triethanolamine (TEA) concentration on the physical stability of the cream, determine the optimum formulation, and assess its antioxidant activity. The cream was formulated with three TEA concentrations: 2.5% (FI), 3% (FII), and 3.5% (FIII). Physical stability was evaluated using a six-cycle cycling test, including organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, adhesiveness, spreadability, and viscosity tests. The results showed that FI and FII met the physical quality requirements based on SNI 16-4399-1996. Repeated Measures ANOVA indicated that FII exhibited the best physical stability, with no significant changes in all evaluated parameters (p > 0.05), whereas FI showed a significant change only in viscosity and FIII showed significant changes in spreadability and viscosity (p < 0.05). The antioxidant activity of FII was determined using the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) method, yielding an IC₅₀ value of 10,579.927 ppm, which was classified as weak antioxidant activity. In conclusion, variations in TEA concentration affected the physical stability of the cream, with 3% TEA producing the most physically stable formulation.

The Relationship Between Total Bilirubin Levels and Hemoglobin, Erythrocyte, and Platelet Values in Jaundiced Newborns at Muhammadiyah Hospital in Delanggu

Silmi Hadaina — 2026-10-28

Jaundice in infants occurs due to increased bilirubin levels due to immature neonatal liver function and high erythrocyte breakdown. Increased erythrocytes and hemoglobin can increase bilirubin production, thus triggering jaundice. Meanwhile, increased platelets can be an indicator of complications in neonates. To determine the relationship between total bilirubin levels and hemoglobin, erythrocyte, and platelet values in jaundiced newborns. This was an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. A sample of 56 jaundiced neonates who met the inclusion criteria was selected. Data analysis used the Pearson and Spearman rank correlation tests. The average total bilirubin level was 11.26 g/dL, hemoglobin level was 16.78 g/dL, erythrocyte level was 4.83 × 106/µL, and platelet level was 321.11 × 103/µL. The correlation test shows that the p.value of total bilirubin levels with hemoglobin is (p=0.698), the p.value between total bilirubin levels with erythrocytes is (p=0.626), and the p.value of total bilirubin levels with platelets is (p=0.149). There is no significant relationship between total bilirubin levels with hemoglobin, erythrocytes, and platelets with the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia in infants.

A Correlation Between Environmental Conditions and Family Behavior with The Occurrence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in The Working Area of Tanjung Sakiti Health Center, Lahat Regency

Yuti Asmili — 2026-10-28

An infectious disease caused by the dengue virus and transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito is commonly known as dengue hemorrhagic fever. This disease can affect people of all ages and can be fatal. Dengue fever transmission is increasingly common due to various factors such as high population mobility, behavioral, and environmental factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between environmental conditions and family behaviors with the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the Tanjung Sakti Community Health Center (Puskesmas) working area in Lahat Regency. The method used was an analytical survey with a case-control design. Data were collected in the form of primary data by distributing questionnaires to 25 heads of families with dengue fever as cases using a total sampling technique and 25 heads of families without dengue fever as controls using a simple random sampling technique. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test. Univariate analysis showed that more than half of mothers (64%) had good environmental conditions and more than half of mothers (52%) had poor family behavior. Bivariate analysis results showed a relationship between environmental conditions and dengue fever incidence (p=0.039) and family behavior with dengue fever incidence (p=0.011). The researchers recommend that community health centers conduct outreach and routine community visits to assess environmental conditions and behavior, not only for dengue fever patients but also for the general public.

Factors Related To The Occurrence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in The Working Area of Tanjung Sakti Health Center, Lahat Regency

Sukma Winda — 2026-10-28

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide and the leading cause of death from infectious agents. According to data from the Tanjung Sakti Community Health Center (Puskesmas), there were 17 cases of pulmonary TB in 2023. The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with the incidence of pulmonary TB in the Tanjung Sakti Community Health Center's work area, Lahat Regency. This study used a quantitative, descriptive-analytical research method using a case-control design. The case sample consisted of 17 AFB positive respondents using a total sampling technique, and the control sample consisted of 17 respondents using a simple random sampling technique. The research instrument used a questionnaire. Univariate and bivariate analysis with the chi-square test were used for analysis. The results showed a relationship between knowledge, smoking habits, and the role of health workers with the incidence of pulmonary TB in the Tanjung Sakti Community Health Center's work area, Lahat Regency. There is a need for increased health promotion related to pulmonary TB by health workers, as well as an increased role for health workers.

Factors Associated with Diarrhea Occurrence in The Working Area of Tanjung Sakti Health Center, Lahat Regency

Delveni Delveni — 2026-10-28

The main cause of death from diarrhea, resulting from fluid and electrolyte loss through stool, is dehydration. Many factors influence the incidence of diarrhea, including environmental factors, nutritional status, population, education, knowledge, socioeconomic status, and behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with the incidence of diarrhea in the Tanjung Sakti Community Health Center (Puskesmas) working area, Lahat Regency. The method used was an analytical survey with a cross-sectional design. Data were collected in the form of primary data by distributing questionnaires to 42 mothers with toddlers in the Tanjung Sakti Community Health Center working area, Lahat Regency, using a total sampling technique. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test. Univariate analysis showed that almost half of the mothers (42.9%) had insufficient knowledge, more than half of the mothers (54.8%) had poor behavior, more than half of the mothers (61.9%) had normal nutritional status with toddlers, and more than half of the respondents (59.5%) had toddlers experiencing diarrhea. Bivariate analysis results showed a relationship between maternal knowledge and diarrhea incidence (p=0.005), maternal behavior and diarrhea incidence (p=0.016), and toddler nutritional status and diarrhea incidence (p=0.010). The researchers recommend that community health centers (Puskesmas) conduct outreach and routine visits, both at the center and at residents' homes, especially to mothers with toddlers to increase community knowledge and change behavior in managing diarrhea in toddlers.

The Relationship Between Spousal Support and Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Postpartum Mothers at the Dzahira Medika Clinic in 2026

Tri Lestari — 2026-10-28

The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) state that the prevention of infant mortality is achieved through proper nutrition, specifically exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life and the introduction of safe and nutritious complementary foods at six months of age, alongside continued breastfeeding until the age of two years (WHO, 2020). This study is a descriptive correlational study—a type of research used to determine the relationship between two variables using a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique employed was accidental sampling, with a sample size of 30 postpartum mothers. Data were collected using a questionnaire. There were 22 mothers (73.3%) whose husbands supported them in providing exclusive breastfeeding. Eighteen mothers (60.0%) practiced exclusive breastfeeding. The statistical test yielded a p-value of 0.01 < 0.05, indicating a significant association between spousal support and exclusive breastfeeding at Dzahira Medika Clinic. This study is expected to enhance knowledge regarding exclusive breastfeeding—including how it works and its benefits—by utilizing counseling services at clinics and reliable health information sources.

Healthy Laundry: An Innovative Cleaning Service to Support the Adoption of Clean and Healthy Living Practices (PHBS) in the Community at At Thahirah Laundry

Preti Julia — 2026-10-28

Acute respiratory infection remains an important health problem in children under five, while household practices can shape exposure to respiratory risk factors. To determine the relationship between household Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) and the risk of ARI among children under five in the working area of Dermayu Community Health Center, Seluma Regency. This quantitative cross-sectional study included 40 respondents selected purposively. Questionnaire data were analyzed using univariate statistics and Pearson Chi-Square at α=0.05. Good household PHBS was found in 21 respondents (52.5%) and poor PHBS in 19 (47.5%). ARI risk was high in 16 children (40.0%), moderate in 13 (32.5%), and low in 11 (27.5%). Pearson Chi-Square yielded χ²=8.116, df=2, p=0.017. Household PHBS was significantly associated with ARI risk; strengthening consistent healthy household practices is important for prevention

Palliative Nursing Care in Meeting the Basic Needs of a Stroke Patient with Total Dependence: A Case Study

Yanto Suryanto — 2026-10-28

Chronic stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability, potentially resulting in total dependence for activities of daily living. This condition necessitates ongoing assistance for basic needs and places patients at risk of various complications. Palliative care is an approach focused on enhancing the quality of life for patients and their families by addressing physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs. This case study aims to describe the application of palliative nursing care in meeting the basic needs of a patient with chronic stroke and total dependence. A case study method utilizing the nursing process comprising assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation was employed. The study focused on Mr. S, a 69. year old patient diagnosed with hemorrhagic stroke and total dependence. Assessment findings identified nursing issues including impaired physical mobility, self care deficits, ineffective airway clearance, risk for aspiration, and risk for impaired skin integrity. Nursing interventions focused on addressing needs related to oxygenation, nutrition, personal hygiene, mobilization and complication prevention, alongside providing psychosocial and spiritual support. Evaluation results demonstrated improved patient comfort and airway clearance, the successful meeting of basic needs, and the absence of complications during the care period. The application of palliative nursing care for patients with chronic stroke and total dependence can enhance comfort, prevent complications, and support the quality of life for both the patient and their family through a holistic, patient-centered approach.

The Effect of Quartet Cards and Occupational Therapy on the Socialization Skills of Patients with Social Isolation

Nehru Nugroho — 2026-10-28

Mental disorders like schizophrenia are complex conditions frequently causing social isolation, which significantly diminishes patients' socialization skills. At Soeprapto Psychiatric Hospital in Bengkulu City, rising cases of schizophrenia and social isolation highlight an urgent need for effective treatments. Alternative interventions, notably the Quartet Card and Occupational Therapy, are proven to successfully enhance these essential social skills. This study strictly aims to determine the effect of implementing the Quartet Card and Occupational Therapy on the socialization skills of socially isolated patients at this specific psychiatric hospital. This research employed a quasi-experimental design utilizing a pretest-posttest control group approach. A simple random sampling technique yielded thirty-two respondents divided equally into intervention and control groups. The main data collection instrument was the Social Skills Training questionnaire, rigorously tested for validity and reliability. Results: Statistical evaluation using the Mann-Whitney test revealed a p-value of 0.002 (p < 0.05). This demonstrates a statistically significant impact following the implementation of the Quartet Card and Occupational Therapy on improving socialization capabilities of socially isolated individuals. The combined application of the Quartet Card and Occupational Therapy is highly effective in significantly enhancing socialization skills among socially isolated psychiatric hospital patients in clinical care settings.

Effectiveness of Handwashing with Antiseptic Soap and Running Water in Reducing Bacterial Colony Counts on Hands

Aprilia Novitasary — 2026-10-28

Hand hygiene is one of the most effective measures for preventing the transmission of infectious diseases. Hands contaminated with bacteria can serve as a vehicle for disease transmission, particularly among Medical Laboratory Technology students who frequently perform laboratory practical activities and are at a higher risk of exposure to microorganisms. This study aimed to determine the difference in the number of bacteria on the hands before and after handwashing using running water and antiseptic soap among Medical Laboratory Technology students at the Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health Surabaya. This study employed a comparative research design using a two-group pretest–posttest approach. A total of 30 students were randomly assigned into two treatment groups. Bacterial samples were collected using the hand swab method before and after each handwashing intervention and cultured on Nutrient Agar media to determine bacterial colony counts. Data were analyzed using the Independent Samples t-test with a significance level of 5%. Handwashing with running water alone reduced the bacterial count by an average of 53.3 CFU (63.7%). In contrast, handwashing with antiseptic soap reduced the bacterial count by an average of 87 CFU (99%). The Independent Samples t-test revealed a statistically significant difference between the two handwashing methods (p = 0.003), indicating that antiseptic soap was significantly more effective than running water alone. Handwashing with antiseptic soap is significantly more effective than handwashing with running water alone in reducing the number of bacteria on the hands of Medical Laboratory Technology students. These findings support the routine use of antiseptic soap as an effective infection prevention measure, particularly in laboratory settings.

The Effect Of Phbs On The Incidence Of Infection In Hemodialysis Patients With Catheter Double Lumen (CDL) Installation At Siloam Kupang Hospital

Vicky Valensya Tengkende — 2026-10-28

Double lumen catheter in hemodialysis relies on central venous access device (CVAD) for treatment. The use of CVAD can cause damage to the skin, so wounds arising from CVAD insertion have the potential to become an entry point for bacteria. In CDL insertion, self-care is very important to maintain health, besides good clean and healthy living behaviors can also prevent diseases such as infections that are common. To determine the effect of PHBS on the incidence of infection in hemodialysis patients with double lumen catheter installation at Siloam Kupang Hospital. This type of research design uses observational analytics with a cross sectional approach. Sampling using total sampling technique, the sample will be taken according to the population size, where 57 patients were obtained. The data in this study were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Chi square test. There is no significant correlation between clean and healthy living behavior and the incidence of infection of hemodialysis patients with double lumen catheter installation at Siloam Kupang Hospital with a p value = 0.5833 (p>0.05). There is no influence between clean and healthy living behavior on the incidence of infection of hemodialysis patients with double lumen catheter installation at Siloam Kupang Hospital.

Analysis of Nursing Clinical Practice with Foot Reflexology Intervention to Reduce Pain Scale in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) in the ICCU of Inche Abdoel Moeis Regional General Hospital, Samarinda

Ardelia Bernadine — 2026-10-28

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) is a cardiovascular emergency that is often accompanied by chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia. Uncontrolled pain can increase sympathetic nervous system activity and worsen the patient's condition. In addition to pharmacological therapy, non-pharmacological interventions are needed as complementary therapy, one of which is foot reflexology. This study aims to analyze the application of foot reflexology in clinical nursing practice to help reduce pain intensity in STEMI patients in the ICCU of Inche Abdoel Moeis Regional General Hospital, Samarinda. This study used a case study design with a clinical nursing practice approach involving one STEMI patient who experienced chest pain and was hemodynamically stable. Foot reflexology was administered for 20 minutes once daily for three days. Pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before and after the intervention. The results showed a gradual reduction in pain intensity, from 5 to 4 on the first day, from 5 to 3 on the second day, and from 3 to 2 on the third day. In addition, capillary refill time (CRT) remained <3 seconds, and the patient appeared more relaxed and comfortable after the intervention. The application of foot reflexology can be used as a complementary non-pharmacological nursing intervention to help reduce pain intensity and improve comfort in STEMI patients. The intervention should be administered as complementary therapy by considering the patient's hemodynamic stability and should not replace primary medical treatment.

Integrating Socio-scientific Issues in Chemistry Learning to Enhance Critical Thinking Skills: Systematic Literature Review

Tiona Christian Br Silitonga — 2026-10-28

Background: 21st-century chemistry education requires the development of critical thinking skills to enable students to address complex social, scientific, and environmental issues. Integrating socio-scientific issues (SSI) into chemistry instruction has emerged as a promising approach to foster these competencies. Objective: This study aims to systematically examine the effect of SSI integration on students' critical thinking skills, identify the most effective learning models for SSI implementation, and analyze the challenges encountered in chemistry education.Methods: This study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by reviewing articles published between 2015 and 2025 from the ERIC, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. Following predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 eligible studies were selected and analyzed using a narrative synthesis approach.Research Results: The findings indicate that SSI integration consistently enhances students' critical thinking skills, particularly in analysis, evidence evaluation, scientific argumentation, and data-driven decision-making. Problem-Based Learning and Inquiry-Based Learning were identified as the most effective and frequently used instructional models for SSI implementation, followed by case-based learning, argumentation, and project-based learning. Nevertheless, several challenges remain, including limited teacher readiness, insufficient learning resources, time constraints, and students' difficulties in constructing scientific arguments.Conclusion: Integrating SSI into chemistry learning is an effective strategy for improving students' critical thinking and scientific literacy. Its successful implementation requires adequate teacher competence, appropriate instructional materials, and supportive curriculum policies to maximize learning outcomes.

The Relationship Between The Role Of Mothers And Fine Motor Development In Toddlers In The Gandul Urban Village Area, Depok City

Florance Lestari Simanjuntak — 2026-10-28

Fine motor development in toddlers requires consistent stimulation, while mothers as primary caregivers have an important role in caregiving, developmental support, and daily stimulation. To analyze the relationship between maternal roles and fine motor development among toddlers aged 1–5 years in Gandul Urban Village, Depok City. This quantitative analytic cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August 2025. The population comprised 259 toddlers and 157 respondents were selected using accidental sampling. Data were collected using a maternal-role questionnaire and Denver Developmental Screening Test observation and analyzed with univariate statistics and the Chi-square test. A total of 151 mothers (96.17%) had a good role, 131 toddlers (83.43%) had normal fine motor development, and 129 toddlers (82.16%) with normal development had mothers with a good role. The Chi-square test yielded p=0.003. Maternal roles were significantly associated with fine motor development among toddlers aged 1–5 years. Family stimulation, counseling, and early developmental detection should be maintained.

The Effect of Health Promotion Using Animated Video Media on Knowledge of Breast Self-Examination (BSE) Among Female Students at SMP Negeri 18 Bengkulu City in 2026

Elda Destika — 2026-10-28

Breast cancer remains a health problem that requires stronger early-detection efforts, while breast early-detection coverage in Indonesia during 2021–2023 reached only 13.7%. A preliminary survey among female students at SMP Negeri 18 Bengkulu City also indicated limited exposure to information about Breast Self-Examination (BSE). Objective: to analyze the effect of health promotion using animated video media on BSE knowledge among female students. Methods: a quantitative pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest study involving 90 eighth-grade female students selected by simple random sampling from a population of 179. Knowledge was measured using a 20-item questionnaire before and after a 30–45 minute animated-video intervention. Bivariate analysis used the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test after the data were reported as non-normally distributed. Research results: before the intervention, 74 students (82.2%) had poor knowledge and 16 (17.8%) had moderate knowledge. After the intervention, 66 students (73.3%) had moderate knowledge and 24 (26.7%) had good knowledge. Knowledge increased in 81 respondents, remained unchanged in 9, and decreased in none; Z=-8.350 and p=0.000. Conclusion: animated-video health promotion significantly improved BSE knowledge and can be considered as a school-based health education medium.

A Correlation Between Peer Environment And Exposure To Information Media And Sexual Behavior Prevention Among Adolescents At Sman 06 In The Coastal Area Of Bengkulu City

Pitriya Adis Triani — 2026-10-28

Risky sexual behavior among adolescents remains a public health concern, as indicated by cases of premarital pregnancy and other inappropriate sexual behaviors at SMAN 06 Kota Bengkulu during the 2023–2025 period. According to data from the National Population and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN) of Bengkulu City, there were 131 cases of risky sexual behavior among adolescents aged 10–19 years in 2024. This study aims to determine the correlation between peer environment and exposure to information media and the prevention of risky sexual behavior among adolescents at SMAN 06 in the coastal area of Bengkulu City. This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 89 students selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that 44 respondents had an unfavorable peer environment, 19 respondents had been exposed to high-risk information media, and 57 respondents demonstrated good prevention of risky sexual behavior. There were significant relationships between peer environment (p = 0.039) and exposure to information media (p = 0.012) and the prevention of risky sexual behavior among adolescents. It can be concluded that peer environment and exposure to information media are significantly associated with the prevention of risky sexual behavior among adolescents at SMAN 06 in the coastal area of Bengkulu City. Schools are recommended to provide education on media literacy and healthy peer relationships and to collaborate with parents in monitoring adolescents' social interactions to prevent risky sexual behavior.

Method Validation and Analysis of Vitamin C Content in Facial Brightening Creams Distributed in Bengkulu City Using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry

Ajeng Sandra Allyza — 2026-10-28

Vitamin C is widely used in facial brightening creams as an antioxidant, collagen-supporting agent, and inhibitor of melanin formation, yet the actual amount in marketed products is not always quantitatively declared. To determine vitamin C levels in five facial brightening creams marketed in Bengkulu City and to evaluate the validity of the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. Samples were purposively selected based on BPOM authorization and vitamin C labeling. Qualitative identification used methylene blue, FeCl3, and KMnO4, while the quantitative analysis was performed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Validation covered linearity, precision, accuracy, LOD, and LOQ. All samples tested positive for vitamin C. Mean levels in samples A-E were 0.9010%, 0.1673%, 8.0605%, 7.1276%, and 0.00785%, respectively. The mean linearity R² was 0.99960, %RSD was 1.76044%, recovery ranged from 97.999% to 102.451%, LOD was 0.32812 ppm, and LOQ was 0.99430 ppm. The UV-Vis spectrophotometric method met the evaluated validation parameters and was suitable for determining vitamin C in facial brightening cream matrices under the study conditions.

The Relationship Between Dietary Patterns And Smoking Habits And The Incidence Of Hypertension In The Coastal Area Of The Pasar Ikan Public Health Center, Bengkulu City

Putri Anggun Oktavia — 2026-10-28

Hypertension is a major non-communicable disease concern in coastal communities because high-sodium dietary practices and smoking may increase the risk of elevated blood pressure. Hypertension cases at Pasar Ikan Public Health Center increased from 2,307 cases in 2023 and 2024 to 2,347 cases in 2025. Objective: To analyze the relationship between dietary patterns, smoking habits, and the incidence of hypertension in the coastal area served by Pasar Ikan Public Health Center, Bengkulu City. This quantitative cross-sectional study involved 94 respondents selected by simple random sampling. Dietary patterns were assessed using a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, smoking habits through a questionnaire, and hypertension through blood-pressure measurement; data were analyzed using frequency distributions and the Chi-Square test at α=0.05. Forty-eight respondents (51.1%) had unhealthy dietary patterns, 45 (47.9%) were non-smokers, and 62 (66.0%) had hypertension. Dietary pattern was significantly associated with hypertension (χ²=6.467; p=0.011), as was smoking habit (χ²=9.731; p=0.008). Dietary patterns and smoking habits were significantly related to hypertension, supporting stronger low-salt dietary education, smoking cessation, and routine blood-pressure screening in coastal communities.

The Effect of Pregnancy Exercise on Anxiety Levels among Third-Trimester Pregnant Women at Kasih Ibu Maternity Clinic, Curup City, Rejang Lebong in 2026

Melia Rosvita Sari — 2026-10-28

According to global data from the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 10% of pregnant women and 13% of postpartum women worldwide experience mental health disorders, particularly depression. Based on data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2023, approximately 28.7% of pregnant women in Indonesia are estimated to experience anxiety symptoms before childbirth. The 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) reported that approximately 28.7% of pregnant women experienced mild to severe anxiety and stress symptoms during pregnancy. Anxiety among third-trimester pregnant women commonly occurs due to concerns regarding the labor process, fetal condition, and maternal safety. One non-pharmacological intervention that can be used to reduce anxiety is pregnancy exercise. This study aims to determine the effect of pregnancy exercise on anxiety levels among third-trimester pregnant women at Kasih Ibu Maternity Clinic, Curup City, Rejang Lebong in 2026. This study used a quasi-experimental design with an intervention group and a control group. The research was conducted from 1 May to 30 May 2026. The sample consisted of 30 respondents, including 15 pregnant women in the intervention group and 15 pregnant women in the control group, selected using purposive sampling. Anxiety levels were measured using an anxiety questionnaire. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with an Independent Sample T-Test at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The results of the univariate analysis showed that before receiving pregnancy exercise, most respondents in the intervention group experienced severe anxiety, with 9 respondents (60%). After receiving pregnancy exercise, most respondents experienced moderate anxiety, with 9 respondents (60%), and mild anxiety, with 6 respondents (40%). Meanwhile, in the control group, before the follow-up measurement, most respondents experienced severe anxiety, with 8 respondents (53.3%), and after the measurement, moderate and severe anxiety were each experienced by 7 respondents (46.7%). The bivariate analysis showed that the mean anxiety level in the intervention group was 30.27 ± 5.898, while in the control group it was 39.07 ± 8.319. The statistical test results showed a p-value of 0.002 (p < 0.05), indicating that pregnancy exercise had a significant effect on anxiety levels among third-trimester pregnant women at Kasih Ibu Maternity Clinic, Curup City, Rejang Lebong in 2026. The researchers recommend that Kasih Ibu Maternity Clinic optimize the participation of third-trimester pregnant women in pregnancy exercise programs as a non-pharmacological intervention to help reduce anxiety during preparation for childbirth.

The Relationship Between HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Risky Sexual Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) at the Pematangsiantar City Health Office in 2026

Nur’aini Rahmadhana — 2026-10-28

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) remain serious public health issues globally and in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the relationship between HIV/AIDS knowledge and risky sexual behavior among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) accessing services at the Pematangsiantar City Health Office. The study sample consisted of 94 individuals selected via purposive sampling from a population of 1,546 MSM registered with the Pematangsiantar City Health Office. The results showed that the majority of respondents (80.9%) possessed a good level of HIV/AIDS knowledge, while 19.1% fell into the poor knowledge category. Regarding sexual behavior, 57.4% of respondents were classified as low-risk, and 42.6% were classified as high-risk. Chi-Square test results yielded a p-value of 1.000 (p > 0.05) and an Odds Ratio (OR) of 0.909 (95% CI: 0.323–2.560), indicating no statistically significant relationship between HIV/AIDS knowledge and risky sexual behavior among the MSM group at the Pematangsiantar City Health Office. It can be concluded that good HIV/AIDS knowledge is not automatically accompanied by safe sexual behavior among MSM, as sexual behavior is also influenced by factors such as attitudes, self-efficacy, partner pressure, alcohol or drug use, stigma, and access to healthcare services. Therefore, HIV/AIDS prevention programs for MSM should focus not only on increasing knowledge but also on skill-based interventions, strengthening peer support, and reducing stigma within healthcare services