Accountability Of Perpetrators Of Murder Accompanied By Rape Of A Minor (Judgment Study Number 580/Pid.B/2022/PN.Stb)

2025-08-06T04:49:47+07:00

Murder and rape are criminal acts regulated under the Criminal Code (KUHP). Murder that results in the unlawful death of a person is regulated under Article 338 of the KUHP, with a penalty of up to 15 years in prison. Meanwhile, rape involving violence or the threat of violence is regulated under Article 285 of the KUHP, with a penalty of up to 12 years in prison, as well as under Law No. 12 of 2022 on Sexual Violence Crimes. Murder accompanied by the rape of a minor is a concurrent criminal offense regulated under Article 340 of the KUHP and Article 285 of the KUHP. In addition, the Child Protection Law is regulated under Law No. 35 of 2014, as the victim in this case is a minor. In this case, the judge will consider various factors, including the prosecutor’s demands, the fulfilled elements, and aggravating and mitigating circumstances. This research uses a normative-empirical method by examining existing case studies. The purpose of this research is to understand the criminal law enforcement for holding perpetrators accountable for murder accompanied by the rape of a minor. The results of the study indicate that the perpetrators can be charged under applicable articles, including Article 80 (3) in conjunction with Article 76 C of Law No. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection. The perpetrators are also proven legally and convincingly guilty of committing acts of violence against a child that resulted in death. The defendant was sentenced to 13 (thirteen) years in prison and a fine of IDR 1,000,000,000 (one billion rupiah), or in default, six (6) months of imprisonment.

Business Analysis Of Utilizing Lettuce Roots As A Substitute For Rockwool As A Growing Medium In Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.) Hydroponic Cultivation Systems

2025-08-22T08:25:45+07:00

Hydroponics is a solution for urban agriculture with limited land, but the use of the expensive rockwool as a growing medium increases production costs. This study aims to analyze the utilization of lettuce root waste product as an alternative for growing medium in hydroponic lettuce cultivation (Lactuca sativa L.) and its effect on plant growth and farming cost efficiency. The research method used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments: P0 (100% rockwool as growing medium), P1 (50% rockwool + 50% lettuce root waste), P2 (50% lettuce root waste + 50% rockwool), and P3 (100% lettuce root waste). Observed variables included plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, and business feasibility analysis (R/C ratio, B/C ratio, ROI, and payback period). Results showed that P3 produced the highest growth in leaf area (78.12 cm²) and fresh weight (133 g), along with a 7% reduction in variable costs compared to P0. Financial analysis indicated an R/C ratio of 2.48 and ROI of 33%, demonstrating business feasibility. In conclusion, lettuce root waste is a viable alternative growing medium that enhances productivity and farming cost efficiency. Further research is recommended to test this innovation on other crops and promote its adoption among hydroponic farmers.

Jurnal Multidisiplin Dehasen (MUDE)

Accountability Of Perpetrators Of Murder Accompanied By Rape Of A Minor (Judgment Study Number 580/Pid.B/2022/PN.Stb)

Business Analysis Of Utilizing Lettuce Roots As A Substitute For Rockwool As A Growing Medium In Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.) Hydroponic Cultivation Systems