Journal of International Public Health

SIAGA ALKES: An Innovation For Medical Supply Inventory Control In An Inpatient Ward Of A Private Hospital In Padang

Siti Hafizhah Rahmah — 2026-09-11

Introduction: Poorly controlled medical supply inventory in inpatient wards may delay nursing interventions and reduce service quality. This case report describes the design and initial implementation of SIAGA ALKES (Medical Supply Surveillance and Control System), a ward-level innovation developed to improve medical supply inventory control. Method: This case report employed situational analysis using the 6M and SWOT frameworks, followed by innovation design and pilot implementation in an internal medicine and surgical inpatient ward at a private hospital in Padang. Preparation and implementation were conducted from 11 to 20 May 2026, and the shift-based monitoring checklist was piloted over 21 shifts. Result and Discussion: SIAGA ALKES was implemented through a list of nine priority medical supplies, spreadsheet-based minimum-maximum stock control cards, shift monitoring checklists, designated stock PICs, urgent-use buffer stock, and periodic evaluation. Of 21 monitored shifts, 18 (85.7%) were fully recorded. Several items were detected as approaching the minimum stock level before a stockout occurred. Conclusion: SIAGA ALKES is a simple, no-cost innovation that uses existing ward resources to improve the regularity of stock monitoring and support early detection of potential shortages.

Risk Factors For Metformin-Induced Side Effects Among Patients With Diabetes Mellitus At Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes Regional General Hospital, Kupang

Mario Yoseph Bliko Unaradjan — 2026-09-14

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease with an increasing global prevalence. Metformin is the first-line pharmacological therapy for T2DM; however, its use is frequently associated with gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which may negatively affect patients' adherence to treatment. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors associated with metformin-induced side effects among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. This observational analytic study employed a cross-sectional design involving 52 patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes Regional General Hospital, Kupang, from January to June 2024. Data were collected from medical records and structured interviews using a standardized checklist. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Chi-square test and Fisher's Exact test, followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the dominant risk factors associated with metformin-induced side effects. Age (p = 0.042), Body Mass Index (BMI) (p = 0.043), and metformin dosage (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with the occurrence of metformin-induced side effects. Nausea was the most frequently reported adverse effect, accounting for 85% of all reported side effects, followed by abdominal cramps (11%) and vomiting (4%). All respondents reported taking metformin after meals, as recommended to reduce gastrointestinal adverse effects. Age, Body Mass Index (BMI), and metformin dosage were identified as the primary risk factors associated with metformin-induced side effects among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nausea was the most commonly reported adverse effect. Appropriate patient education regarding metformin use is essential to minimize adverse effects, improve medication adherence, and optimize treatment outcomes.

The Journey of Medical Record Ergonomic Aspects Toward Data Digitalization: A Scoping Review

Ayu Indriya Ludhi Asmara — 2026-09-14

The transition transition of medical records management from conventional system to electronic medical records (EMR) not only impacts recording technology, but also affects staff working conditions from an ergonomics. Research on ergonomics has been conducted separately at each development stage. This study aims to map the development of ergonomic aspects in medical record management from conventional systems to EMR implementation. The method used in this reseacrh is a scoping review with the PRISMA-ScR approach. Literature searches were conducted through several types of national and international scientific databases with keywords ergonomics, digitization, and electronic medical records (EMR). Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed and grouped based on system development stages and ergonomic dimensions examined. The results showed that in conventional systems, ergonomic issues tend to focus more on physical aspects (35.7%) and environmental aspects (14.3%), such as layout, lighting, ventilation, security systems, and staff work posture. Along with digitalization and EMR implementation, research focus shifted to cognitive ergonomics (21.4%) and organizational ergonomics (28.6%), convering mental workload, user adaptation to system interface design, and management support in managing change. These findings indicate that digitalization does not eliminate ergonomics issue but rather transforms the challenges faced by staff. This research leads to the need for developing an integrated ergonomic framework as a reference for healthcare facilities in implementing EMR. Further research also needs to be developed through a longitudinal and action research approaches to ensure that the transition process runs optimally while maintaining aspects of staff comfort, safety, and well-being.

Intervention Of Sea Grapes Powder Drink on Changes In Hemoglobin Levels In Adolescent Females At MAN 1 Banyuwangi

Arim Bidiyah Qairan — 2026-09-14

Anemia among adolescent girls remains a public health issue driven by high iron requirements during growth and blood loss associated with menstruation. Sea grapes (Caulerpa racemosa) known to contain iron and vitamin C represent a potential functional food alternative to help meet iron needs. This study aims to analyze the iron and vitamin C content of sea grape powder and to determine the effect of a sea grape powder drink intervention on hemoglobin levels among adolescent girls at MAN 1 Banyuwangi. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group structure. A total of 46 respondents were divided into a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group was administered 12 grams of sea grape powder drink daily for 7 days, while the control group received iron-folic acid tablets. Hemoglobin levels were measured before and after the intervention using an EasyTouch Hb device. The iron and vitamin C content of the sea grape powder was analyzed in the laboratory, while hemoglobin level data were analyzed using statistical tests appropriate for the data distribution. Laboratory analysis results indicate that sea grape powder contains 29.92 mg/100 g of iron and 34.45 mg/100 g of vitamin C. However, the administration of a sea grape powder drink for seven days did not result in a significant change in hemoglobin levels among adolescent girls (p > 0.05). The mean hemoglobin level in the treatment group shifted from 13.34 g/dL to 13.03 g/dL, whereas in the control group, it remained at 12.67 g/dL both before and after the intervention. A 7-day intervention using a sea grape powder drink did not result in a significant effect on hemoglobin levels among adolescent girls. Future studies are recommended to employ a longer intervention duration and a larger sample size, as well as to control for factors influencing hemoglobin levels, such as nutrient intake, menstrual cycles, and adherence to the intervention..

Factors Related With The Incidence of Hypertension Among Elderlyin The Coastal Area Eithin The Working Area of Tanjung Kemuning Health Center, Kaur Regency

Endah Kusuma Pertiwi — 2026-09-14

Hypertension is a major causal factor for stroke and heart attack. Considering the vulnerability of the elderly to these conditions, it is highly recommended that older individuals proactively manage it to prevent the development of more severe diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to the occurrence of hypertension in the elderly in the Coastal Area within the Working Area of Tanjung Kemuning Health Center, Kaur Regency.. The method used was a cross-sectional study design. Data were collected as primary data by distributing questionnaires to 84 elderly people at the health center using Simple Random Sampling technique. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test.. Univariate analysis results showed that nearly some of the elderly (39.3%) had poor knowledge, a small portion of the elderly (28.6%) were obese, more than half of the elderly (53.6%) had unsupportive families and more than half of the elderly (53.8%) experienced hypertension. Bivariate analysis results showed there was a relationship between knowledge and the occurrence of hypertension (p=0.002), there was a relationship between obesity and the occurrence of hypertension (p=0.034) and there was a relationship between family support and the occurrence of hypertension (p=0.010). The researchers suggest that the health center increase promotive and preventive activities related to hypertension in the elderly, especially through health education focused on increasing knowledge, controlling obesity, and strengthening the role of the family in elderly care. In addition, the health center is expected to optimize elderly posyandu activities, screening of hypertension risk factors, as well as periodic monitoring of blood pressure and nutritional status of the elderly, especially in coastal areas

Factors Associated With Anemia in Pregnant Women at Banjarsari Public Health Center, Sukatani District, Bekasi Regency

Diana Novriani — 2026-09-14

Anemia in pregnant women is a public health problem with a relatively high prevalence both globally and nationally. The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women is 37% globally, 26.0% in Indonesia, 23.09% in West Java Province, and 26.4% in Bekasi Regency. Anemia in pregnancy is caused by various factors, including maternal characteristics and knowledge, which impact the health of both mother and fetus. The objectives of the research; To determine is a relationship between age, education, parity, pregnancy spacing, occupation, nutritional status and knowledge of pregnant women with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women at the Banjarsari Community Health Center, Sukatani District, Bekasi Regency. This research is quantitative, using an observational analytical design using a cross-sectional approach. The sample size was 50 people, using a simple random sampling technique. The statistical test used was the chi-square test. Result; There is a significant relationship between age (p-value 0.004), education (p-value 0.000), parity (p-value 0.006), pregnancy spacing (p-value 0.000), occupation (p-value 0.000), nutritional status (p-value 0.000) and knowledge (p-value 0.000) with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women at the Banjarsari Community Health Center, Sukatani District, Bekasi Regency. There is a relationship between age, education, parity, pregnancy spacing, occupation, nutritional status and knowledge of pregnant women with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women at the Banjarsari Community Health Center, Sukatani District, Bekasi Regency.

Teenagers' Knowledge and Attitudes towards Sugar, Salt, and Fat Consumption at MAN 1 Bekasi Regency

Siti Nailal Ghinah — 2026-09-14

Introduction: Adolescence is a transitional phase marked by shifts in lifestyle and dietary habits, with a high preference for sugar, salt, and fat (GGL). Excessive consumption of GGL during this growth period significantly elevates the long-term risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study aims to analyze the overall descriptive and analytical framework of nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and GGL consumption patterns among school adolescents. Method: This quantitative study utilized an analytical observational cross-sectional design. A sample of 86 eleventh-grade school adolescents was selected through a purposive sampling approach. Data on nutrition knowledge (15 multiple-choice questions) and attitudes (10 Likert-scale statements) were gathered using validated self-administered questionnaires. Dietary consumption patterns of GGL over the past 14 days were measured via a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Univariate and bivariate data were evaluated using the Chi-Square test (α = 0.05) through SPSS software. Result and Discussion: Univariate analysis indicated that the majority of respondents maintained an adequate intake category for sugar (75.6%), salt (73.3%), and fat (72.1%). Bivariate Chi-Square analysis revealed no statistically significant association between nutrition knowledge and the consumption patterns of sugar (p=0.621), salt (p=0.866), or fat (p=0.588). Similarly, no significant correlation was found between attitudes and the intake of sugar (p=0.433), salt (p=0.640), or fat (p=0.390). These outcomes show a profound knowledge-practice and attitude-behavior gap, where cognitive and affective proficiency is overridden by food preferences and structural peer influences. Conclusion: Individual nutrition knowledge and attitudes do not serve as linear determinants of actual GGL intake among school adolescents. Educational institutions should transition toward managing the behavioral food micro-environment rather than relying solely on conventional direct cognitive education.

Dynamics of Medical Terminology Documentation Quality in the SNOMED CT Era: A Literature Review

Anisa Munifatun Nabillah — 2026-09-14

Introduction: Accurate medical terminology recording is a cornerstone of medical record quality and health data validity, as mandated by Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No. 24 of 2022, which requires diagnosis coding to use the latest ICD-10 classification. Various studies in Indonesia still report low levels of terminology accuracy and diagnosis code accuracy, while the global shift toward SNOMED CT presents both opportunities and new challenges. This study aims to analyze the dynamics, impacts, and challenges of SNOMED CT-based medical terminology implementation on the quality of medical record documentation. Methods: This study used a literature review design guided by the PRISMA framework. Searches were conducted through Google Scholar using Publish or Perish with Boolean keyword combinations, yielding 1,000 initial articles that were screened using PICO-based inclusion-exclusion criteria, resulting in 19 articles for thematic analysis. Results: Medical terminology accuracy in Indonesia ranged from 36-59%, and diagnosis code accuracy ranged from 43-84.7%, with 89.3% of medical records found incomplete and 35.4% of BPJS Kesehatan claims delayed due to coding inaccuracies. Dominant factors included coder competence, completeness of clinical documentation, and weak standard operating procedures, while international experience showed comparable challenges in SNOMED CT adoption related to terminology mapping complexity and user readiness. Conclusion: The quality of medical terminology recording in Indonesia remains suboptimal and requires strengthened human resource competence, standardized operating procedures, and a phased transition strategy toward SNOMED CT supported by policy and adequate digital infrastructure.

Analysis Of Mobile JKN Online Registration Services At The Medical Records Unit Of Pusdik Arhanud Clinic

Nur Khamdiyatus Solicha — 2026-09-14

Digital transformation in the health sector is driving the adoption of technology-based online registration systems, one of which is the Mobile JKN application developed by BPJS Kesehatan, although its implementation in primary healthcare facilities still faces various technical and non-technical challenges. This study aims to analyze online patient registration services through Mobile JKN at the medical records unit of Pusdik Arhanud Clinic, covering procedures, supporting factors and obstacles, effectiveness, and perspectives of staff and patients, using a descriptive qualitative approach with in-depth semi-structured interviews and direct observation of 12 informants consisting of 1 clinic head, 1 medical records officer, and 10 Mobile JKN-using patients, analyzed through codification, categorization, and synthesis stages. The results identified 4 main categories: registration procedures that comply with standards with 24/7 access, Mobile JKN providing benefits of time efficiency, queue reduction, and data automation, barriers including application technical issues, limited digital literacy among the elderly, and quickly depleted queue quotas, and generally positive user views requiring improvements in notification features, loading speed, and socialization. The study concludes that Mobile JKN implementation has a significant positive impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of patient registration services, although continuous improvements are still needed in technical aspects, digital literacy, and queue capacity.

Work Motivation of Medical Records Personnel Based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Sabrina Rahma Sari — 2026-09-14

Work motivation is an important factor influencing the performance and service quality of Medical Records and Health Information personnel in hospitals. However, not all need factors that shape work motivation are comprehensively understood in the context of the medical records unit. This study aims to identify the factors influencing the work motivation of Medical Records and Health Information personnel at the Medical Records Installation of Hospital X based on the hierarchy of needs. The study employed a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with medical records staff. The results indicate that all levels of needs are interrelated in shaping work motivation. Safety needs are fulfilled through clear work procedures and senior guidance, creating a sense of security in the workplace. Social and safety needs were identified as the most dominant factors influencing daily work motivation. Comprehensive fulfillment of needs plays an important role in sustaining the motivation and performance of medical records personnel

Antibacterial Activity of Ceremai Leaf (Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels) Extract Against the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923

Irene Nathania Boelan — 2026-09-14

Staphylococcus aureus is a major bacterial pathogen responsible for various infectious diseases. The widespread and inappropriate use of antibiotics has accelerated the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, highlighting the need for alternative antibacterial agents derived from medicinal plants. Ceremai (Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels) leaves contain several bioactive phytochemicals, including flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and steroids, which are reported to possess antibacterial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ceremai leaf extract against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. A true experimental study employing a post-test-only control group design was conducted. Seven extract concentrations (100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, and 1.56%) were tested using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Erythromycin (15 μg) and sterile distilled water served as the positive and negative controls, respectively. Each treatment was performed in triplicate, and the inhibition zone diameters were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Serological test results showed that the prevalence of toxoplasmosis infection was 58%. Chronic toxoplasmosis infection occurred in 62% of owners with poor hygiene of drums, and 91% occurred in owners with poor personal hygiene. As a preventive measure against the risk of infection, breeders of cats need to always maintain the sanitation of the cage, such as frequent cleaning of the cage, cat feces, and cleaning the floor around the cage so that infective oocysts do not multiply around the cage area. Also, must use personal protective equipment and wash your hands after contact with cats. Ceremai (Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels) leaf extract exhibits concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, with the strongest inhibitory effect observed at the 100% concentration. These findings support the potential use of ceremai leaves as a natural source of antibacterial compounds and warrant further investigation to isolate and characterize their active constituents.

Analysis Of The Influence Of Personal Selling, Service Quality, And Price Perception On Supplement Purchase Decisions At Kimia Farma Rama Palembang Pharmacy

Fikri Shalmantyas — 2026-09-14

Introduction: Increasing public awareness of health is driving the need for supplement products in pharmacies. In the process of purchasing supplements, consumers not only consider the availability of the product, but also need clear information, good service, and prices that are assessed according to the quality and benefits of the product. This study aims to analyze the influence of personal selling, service quality, and price perception on supplement purchase decisions at Kimia Farma Rama Palembang Pharmacy. Method: This study uses a quantitative approach with a non-probability sampling technique through the purposive sampling method. The research sample was consumers who had bought Naturelene, Seaquill, Radiant, Nutrimax, and Golden Coral brand supplements at Kimia Farma Rama Pharmacy in Palembang. Data were collected through questionnaires with a Likert scale and analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results and Discussion: The results of the study show that personal selling, service quality, and price perception have a positive and significant effect on supplement purchase decisions, both partially and simultaneously. Personal selling is the most dominant factor in influencing purchase decisions. These findings show that pharmacists' ability to provide information, the quality of service that creates trust, and the perception of prices that are in line with the benefits of the product play an important role in driving supplement purchase decisions. Conclusion: This study provides the implication that Pharmatek Kimia Farma Rama Palembang needs to strengthen communication of pharmaceutical personnel, maintain service quality, and manage price perception in an integrated manner to improve supplement purchase decisions