Educative Sportive

The Effect of Ladder Drills on the Shooting Skills of Futsal Players at SMKN 4 in Bengkulu City

Hafit Nopriansyah, Dody Ertanto, Desrio Windoro — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 07:09:15 +0700

This study aims to examine the effect of ladder drill training on the shooting skills of futsal players at SMK Negeri 4 of Bengkulu City. The study was motivated by the relatively low shooting ability of the players, as reflected in inadequate shooting accuracy, insufficient kicking power, and poor movement coordination during shooting. This research employed an experimental method using a one-group pretest–posttest design. The study population consisted of students participating in the futsal extracurricular program at SMK Negeri 4 of Bengkulu City. A total of 20 students were selected as the sample using the total sampling technique. The research instrument was a futsal shooting skills test. The treatment consisted of ladder drill training conducted over 16 sessions within one month, with a training frequency of four sessions per week. Data were analyzed using the normality test and hypothesis testing through a t-test. The results revealed a significant improvement in the participants' shooting skills following the ladder drill training. The mean pretest score increased from 17.4 to 27.9 on the posttest. The t-test yielded a calculated t-value of 13.58, which exceeded the critical t-value of 1.729, indicating a statistically significant effect of ladder drill training on shooting skills. Furthermore, the percentage improvement in shooting performance was 60.34%. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that ladder drill training is effective in enhancing the shooting skills of futsal players at SMK Negeri of Bengkulu City

The Effect Of The Triangle Training Method On Inside-Of-The-Foot Passing Skills In The Futsal Extracurricular Program At The Bengkulu Maritime And Fisheries Vocational High School

Mickey Ilhamy, Ajis Sumantri, Desrio Windoro — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 07:16:57 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of the triangle training method on the inside-of-the-foot passing skills of participants in the futsal extracurricular program at the Bengkulu Maritime and Fisheries Vocational High School. Passing is one of the most important basic techniques in futsal because it plays a role in maintaining possession, building attacks, and creating scoring opportunities. Based on the observation results, the passing ability of the extracurricular participants was still relatively low, characterized by a lack of passing accuracy, improper body positioning during passing, and minimal off-the-ball movement after passing. To address these issues, the triangle training method was implemented, which involves passing drills conducted in a triangular formation with continuous movement patterns and position exchanges. This study employed a quantitative method with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest design, whereby the participants’ skills were measured before and after the training intervention. The study population consisted of 30 futsal extracurricular participants from the Bengkulu Maritime and Fisheries Vocational School, who were also selected as the study sample using purposive sampling. The instrument used was an accuracy test for inside-of-the-foot passing. The intervention was administered over 16 sessions, after which the data were analyzed using normality tests, homogeneity tests, and a paired-sample t-test with the aid of SPSS software. The results of the study indicate an improvement in passing ability following triangle drills. Pretest scores fell into the low-to-moderate range, while posttest scores improved to the moderate-to-high range. Thus, the triangle drill method has a positive effect on improving inside-of-the-foot passing skills among participants in the futsal extracurricular program at the Bengkulu Maritime and Fisheries Vocational High School.

Physical Condition Profile of Students Participating in the Futsal Extracurricular Activity at SMP IT As Syakur in Bengkulu City

Erfin Agus Salim, Roni Syaputra, Azizatul Banat — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 13:04:03 +0700

This study aims to determine the physical condition of students participating in the futsal extracurricular program at SMP IT As Syakur in Bengkulu City. This is aquantitative descriptive study that uses a survey method, and data collection techniques involve tests and measurements. The results of this study are based on physical condition tests of students participating in the futsal extracurricular program at SMP IT As Syakur. The results of the physical condition tests of students participating in the futsal extracurricular program at SMP IT As Syakur in Bengkulu City, conducted on 17 players, are as follows: the “very good” category had 0 (0%) students, the “good” : 0 players (0%); the moderate category: 11 players (65%); the poor category: 6 players (35%); and the very poor category: 0 (0%). Based on the results above, it can be concluded that the overall physical fitness test results for students participating in the futsal extracurricular program at SMP IT As Syakur in Bengkulu City, conducted on 17 players, show that 11 players (65%) fall into the moderate category.

The Effect of Depth Jump Training on Improving Lower-Body Explosive Strength in Players of the 08 Junior Volleyball Club in North Bengkulu

Setiadiansyah Setiadiansyah, Dody Ertanto, Asnawati Asnawati — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 13:24:17 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of depth jump training on increasing the leg muscle explosive power of volleyball players at Club Junior 08 Bengkulu Utara. A total sampling method was used to determine the number of respondents, resulting in 15 respondents who are volleyball athletes from Club Junior 08 Bengkulu Utara. This experimental research employed a One-Group Pretest-Posttest design, which is a pre-experimental design that involves a pre-test (test before treatment) and a post-test (test after treatment) within a single group. Data collection was carried out using test scores. The data analysis techniques used were descriptive analysis and the t-test.The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of depth jumps on increasing the leg muscle explosive power of Club Junior 08 Bengkulu Utara volleyball players, with a calculated t-value ($t_{count}$) of 3.534, while the t-table ($t_{table}$) is 2.14 at a significance level of $\alpha = 0.05$ and degrees of freedom ($df$) = 15.

Pengaruh Latihan Passing Bawah Menggunakan Sasaran Tembok Terhadap Ketepatan Passing Pada Permainan Bola Voli Di Min 2 Kota Bengkulu

Sahrul Wirayuda, Mariska Febrianti, Megi Personi — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 13:38:18 +0700

This research was motivated by the low accuracy of underhand passing in volleyball games for extracurricular students at MIN 2 Bengkulu City, as evidenced by students' suboptimal ability to control the direction of the ball, coordinate movement, and mastery of basic underhand passing techniques. This study aimed to determine the effect of underhand passing training using a wall target on underhand passing accuracy in volleyball at MIN 2 Bengkulu City. This study used an experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of 12 extracurricular volleyball students selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through underhand passing accuracy tests before and after the underhand passing training using a wall target. The results showed an increase in underhand passing accuracy after the underhand passing training using a wall target. This was evidenced by an increase in the average pretest score from 24.08 to 28.58 in the posttest. Based on the results of the paired sample t-test, a significance value of 0.003 < 0.05 was obtained, indicating that there is a significant effect of underhand passing training using a wall target on the accuracy of students' underhand passing in volleyball games at MIN 2 Bengkulu City. Thus, training using a wall target can be used as an effective training method to improve students' underhand passing accuracy. Keywords: underhand passing training, wall target, underhand passing accuracy, volleyball.

The Effect of Varied Passing Drills on Improving Passing and Stopping Skills in the Abhiseva Branch Futsal Team in Bengkulu City

Irpan Ependi, Feby Elra Perdima, Mariska Febrianti — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 13:50:11 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of varied passing drills on improving passing and stopping skills in the Abhiseva Branch Futsal Team in Bengkulu City. The research method used was an experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study consisted of all 20 futsal players from the Abhiseva Branch in Bengkulu City. Total sampling was used, meaning the entire population served as the study sample. The research instrument was a futsal passing and stopping test. Data collection involved an initial test (pre-test), the implementation of the intervention—consisting of varied passing drills over 8 sessions—and a final test (post-test). Data analysis techniques included normality tests, homogeneity tests, and hypothesis testing using the t-test at a significance level of α = 0.05. Based on the research results, the pre-test mean score was 10.62 and the post-test mean score was 16.2, indicating an increase of 5.5. The results of the hypothesis test showed that the calculated t-value of 1.75 was greater than the critical t-value of 1.725 (calculated t > critical t), so the research hypothesis was accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that varied passing drills have a significant effect on improving passing and stopping skills in the Abhiseva Branch Futsal Team in Bengkulu City.

The Effect of Moving Target Drills on Futsal Passing Accuracy at SMPN 5 Seluma

Exsel Milanda, Roni Syaputra, Oetari Lismana — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 14:12:20 +0700

This study aimed to determine the effect of zig-zag running training on the dribbling skills of SSB PGM U14–U16 soccer players. The background of this study was based on the players' relatively low dribbling ability, particularly in terms of agility, ball control, and the ability to change direction while dribbling. This research employed an experimental method using a One Group Pretest–Posttest Design. The population consisted of 35 SSB PGM U14–U16 players, while the sample included 20 players selected through a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument was a dribbling skill test measured by the time taken to complete the dribbling course in seconds. Data were collected through a pretest, the implementation of zig-zag running training as the treatment, and a posttest. Data analysis was conducted using normality tests, homogeneity tests, and a paired sample t-test at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous. Hypothesis testing revealed a t-count value of 7.826 and a t-table value of 1.729, indicating that t-count > t-table. These findings demonstrate that zig-zag running training has a significant effect on improving the dribbling skills of SSB PGM U14–U16 soccer players. Furthermore, the average posttest score was better than the pretest score, indicating an improvement in dribbling ability after the training program. Therefore, it can be concluded that zig-zag running training is effective in enhancing the dribbling skills of U14–U16 soccer players.

The Effect of Play-Based Training on Volleyball Smash Skills at Kaur Public Elementary School No. 27

Novia Jumanti, Megi Personi, Asnawati Asnawati — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 14:33:08 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of game-based training on the volleyball smash skills of fifth- and sixth-grade students at SD Negeri 27 Kaur. The study was motivated by the students’ low smash skills, which necessitated an effective training method suited to the characteristics of elementary school students. The method used was an experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The study population consisted of 17 fifth- and sixth-grade students at SD Negeri 27 Kaur. Total sampling was used, meaning the entire population was included in the study. The instrument used was a volleyball smash skill test administered before (pretest) and after the intervention (posttest). Data analysis was conducted using normality tests, homogeneity tests, and t-tests. The results showed an improvement in smash ability following the game-based training. The mean pretest score of 19.59 increased to 23.47 on the posttest, representing an increase of 3.88 points. The t-test results indicate that play-based training has a significant effect on improving students’ volleyball smash skills. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that play-based training has a positive and significant effect on the volleyball smash skills of fifth- and sixth-grade students at SD Negeri 27 Kaur. Thus, play-based training can be used as an effective alternative training method to improve volleyball smash skills among elementary school students.

The Contribution of Agility and Flexibility to the Dribbling Skills of Futsal Players at SMP Negeri 21 in Bengkulu City

Deigo Armando, Dody Ertanto, Roni Syaputra — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 14:44:04 +0700

This study aims to determine the contribution of agility and flexibility to the dribbling ability of futsal players at SMPN 21 in South Bengkulu City. Using a total sampling method, the study involved 16 futsal players at SMPN 21 in South Bengkulu City. This is a correlational study based on tests of agility, flexibility, and dribbling skills among futsal players at SMPN 21 in South Bengkulu City. Descriptive data analysis and correlation tests were employed. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant correlation between agility and the dribbling skills of futsal players at SMPN 21 in South Bengkulu City (rxy = 0.521), there is a significant correlation between flexibility and the dribbling skills of futsal players at SMPN 21 in South Bengkulu City (rxy = 4.574), and there is a significant relationship between agility and flexibility on the dribbling skills of futsal players at SMPN 21 in South Bengkulu City (calculated F = 4.511 > table F = 3.63).

Pengaruh Latihan Shooting Menggunakan Target Zona Gawang Terhadap Akurasi Shooting Pemain Futsal Siswa Ekstrakurikuler Sdn 76 Kota Bengkulu

Rahmad Adityo, Feby Elra Perdima, Dolly Apriansyah — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 15:04:19 +0700

This study aimed to determine the effect of shooting practice using goal zone targets on the shooting accuracy of student futsal players in the extracurricular program at SD Negeri 76 Bengkulu City. An experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design was employed. The study sample consisted of 20 students selected using purposive sampling. The results showed an improvement in the students' shooting accuracy following the intervention; the mean pretest score of 17.90 rose to 30.10 in the posttest. Hypothesis testing yielded a calculated t-value of -21.968 with a significance level of 0.001 (p < 0.05), leading to the conclusion that shooting practice using goal zone targets has a significant effect on improving the students' shooting accuracy. Thus, it is concluded that shooting practice using goal zone targets significantly influences the improvement of shooting accuracy among student futsal players in the SD Negeri 76 Bengkulu City extracurricular program.

Pengaruh Latihan Kecepatan Dengan Kelincahan Terhadap Keterampilan Dribbling Pemain Sepakbola Di SMA Negeri 7 Bengkulu Selatan

Ensen Triwahyu Anggara, Roni Syaputra, Azizatul Banat — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 15:46:31 +0700

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan kecepatan dan kelincahan terhadap keterampilan dribbling pada pemain sepakbola di SMAN 7 Bengkulu Selatan. Menggunakan metode total sampling dalam mengetahui jumlah responden dan didapat 18 responden pemain sepakbola di SMAN 7 Bengkulu Selatan.

Penelitian eksperimen ini menggunakan bentuk desain One Group Pre test – Post test adalah desain pre eksperimen yang terdapat pre tes (tes sebelum di beri treatment) dan post test (tes sesudah di beri treatment) dalam satu kelompok. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan sk or test. Menggunakan teknik analisis data deskriptif dan uji t.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya pengaruh latihan kecepatan dan kelincahan terhadap keterampilan dribbling pada pemain sepakbola di SMAN 7 Bengkulu Selatan dengan nilai t hitung = 3,693 sedangkan t tabel sebesar 2,110 dengan taraf signifikan α = 0,05 dan dk = 18.

The Effect of Agility Training on Soccer Dribbling Skills Among Persije FC Players in South Bengkulu Regency

Akhmad Banda Niji, Feby Elra Perdima, Ajis Sumantri — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 16:09:17 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of agility training on soccer dribbling skills among Persije FC players in South Bengkulu Regency. Using a total sampling method, the study included 15 Persije FC players from South Bengkulu Regency. This experimental study employed a one-group pretest-posttest design, a pre-experimental design that involves a pretest (test administered before treatment) and a posttest (test administered after treatment) within a single group. Data were collected using test scores. Descriptive data analysis and the t-test were used. The results of this study indicate that agility training has an effect on the ball-dribbling skills of Persije FC players in South Bengkulu Regency, with a calculated t-value of 2.959 and a critical t-value of 1.761, at a significance level of α = 0.05 and df = 14.

The Effect of the Zigzag Run Training Method on Players’ Dribbling Skills in the Futsal Extracurricular Program at MTSN 01 South Bengkulu

Roki Bimantoro, Azizatul Banat, Deffri Anggara — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 16:33:55 +0700

This study aims to analyze the effect of the Zig Zag Run training method on the dribbling skills of players in the futsal extracurricular program at MTSN 01 South Bengkulu. The research method used was an experimental design with a pre-test and post-test on the same group. This method was used to examine the effect of the Zig Zag Run training method on the dribbling skills of players in the futsal extracurricular program at MTSN 01 South Bengkulu. Based on the research, the results showed that, according to the pre-test and post-test measurements using a group t-test statistical approach, the calculated t-value for the overall training method was 5.292 and the critical t-value (α = 0.05) was 1.729, which means the calculated t-value is greater than the critical t-value. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of the Zig -Zag Run training method on the dribbling skills of futsal players at MTSN 01 South Bengkulu. In other words, the proposed research hypothesis has been significantly validated. As previously discussed in the theoretical review, the Zig-Zag Run training method is effective in improving dribbling skills in futsal.

Pengaruh Latihan Smash Menggunakan Bola Gantung Terhadap Ketepatan Smash Atlet Bola Voli Pada Ekstrakurikuler SMA Negeri 7 Bengkulu Selatan

Marwin Marwin, Martiani Martiani, Roni Syaputra — Sun, 02 Aug 2026 00:42:43 +0700

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan smash menggunakan bola gantung terhadap ketepatan smash atlet bola voli pada ekstrakurikuler SMA Negeri 7 Bengkulu Selatan. Menggunakan metode total sampling dalam menge-tahui jumlah responden dan didapat 20 responden atlet bola voli pada ekstraku-rikuler SMA Negeri 7 Bengkulu Selatan. Penelitian eksperimen ini menggunakan bentuk desain One Group Pre test – Post test adalah desain pre eksperimen yang terdapat pre tes (tes sebelum di beri treatment) dan post test (tes sesudah di beri treatment) dalam satu kelompok. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan skor test. Menggunakan teknik analisis data deskriptif dan uji t. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya pengaruh smash menggunakan bola gantung terhadap ketepatan smash atlet bola voli pada ekstrakurikuler SMA Negeri 7 Bengkulu Selatan dengan nilai t hitung = 3,606 sedangkan t tabel sebesar 2,086 dengan taraf signifikan α = 0,05 dan dk = 20.

The Effect of Zigzag Drills on the Dribbling Skills of Female Futsal Players at State High School 7 in South Bengkulu

Sinria Oktama Putri, Dolly Apriansyah, Roni Syaputra — Sun, 02 Aug 2026 00:54:41 +0700

This study aims to examine the effect of Zig Zag training on the dribbling skills of female futsal players at SMA Negeri 7 South Bengkulu. The study used preexperimental research design using One-Group Pretest–Posttest Design. The research sample consisted of 17 female futsal players, selected using the total sampling technique. Data were collected through dribbling skills tests administered before and after the training program. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the paired-samples t-test. The results indicated that Zig Zag training had a positive and statistically significant effect on the dribbling skills of the female futsal players. The statistical analysis revealed that the calculated t-count (3.027) exceeded the critical t-table (1.734) at a significance level of α = 0.05, indicating a significant improvement in dribbling skills following the training program. In conclusion, Zig Zag training is an effective training method for improving the dribbling skills of female futsal players at SMA Negeri 7 South Bengkulu.

The Effect of Catching Drills Using Softballs on the Reflexes of Futsal Goalkeepers at the Curup United Academy

Rizky Mulya Ramadhan, Mariska Febrianti, Megi Personi — Sun, 02 Aug 2026 01:11:56 +0700

Reaction speed is a crucial physical component for futsal goalkeepers due to the fast-paced nature of the game and the limited playing area. Goalkeepers are required to respond quickly to unpredictable ball movements, including deflections and sudden shots. This study aimed to examine the effect of catching training using a kasti ball on the reaction reflexes of futsal goalkeepers at Academy Curup United. The research employed a quantitative experimental method with a one-group pre-test and post-test design. The sample consisted of futsal goalkeepers from Academy Curup United who participated in a structured catching training program using a kasti ball conducted over 14 training sessions, three times per week. Data were collected through reflex performance tests administered before and after the training program. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, normality and homogeneity tests, and a paired sample t-test. The results showed a significant improvement in goalkeepers’ reaction reflexes after the training intervention, with a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05) and a t value of 12.006, which was greater than the t table value of 1.943. These findings indicate that catching training using a kasti ball has a positive and significant effect on improving the reaction reflexes of futsal goalkeepers. Therefore, this training method is recommended as an effective exercise program for enhancing goalkeeper performance in futsal.

The Effect of Moving Target Drills on Futsal Passing Accuracy at SMPN 5 Seluma

Rahmad Trigono, Feby Elra Perdima, Mariska Febrianti — Sun, 02 Aug 2026 01:22:19 +0700

This study was motivated by the low passing accuracy of the futsal students in the extracurricular program at SMP Negeri 5 Seluma, as evidenced by the lack of precision in pass direction, inappropriate kicking power, and poor ability to pass in dynamic game situations. These conditions are believed to be influenced by training methods that remain conventional and do not adequately simulate actual match conditions. This study aims to determine the effect of moving target training on the futsal passing accuracy of extracurricular students at SMP Negeri 5 Seluma. This study used a quantitative method with an experimental approach and a one-group pretest-posttest design. The study sample consisted of 20 students selected using total sampling. Data collection was conducted through passing accuracy tests before and after the intervention, then analyzed using normality tests, homogeneity tests, and a paired sample t-test with the assistance of SPSS software. The results of the study show that the students’ average passing accuracy score increased from 5.20 on the pre-test to 6.70 on the post-test. The hypothesis test yielded a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, so Ha was accepted and H0 was rejected. These findings indicate that moving target drills have a significant effect on improving the passing accuracy of students in the futsal extracurricular program at SMP Negeri 5 Seluma. Thus, moving target drills can be used as an effective alternative training method to improve passing skills in futsal.

The Effect of Cone Drill Training on Running Speed Among Athletes at the Education and Guidance (D&B) Tutoring Center in Bengkulu City

Syufian Soleh Iman Yusuf, Dolly Apriansyah, Oetari Lismana — Sun, 02 Aug 2026 01:46:15 +0700

This study was motivated by the importance of improving athletes’ running speed as one of the key components in track and field. One form of training that can be used to improve running speed is the cone drill. This study aims to determine the effect of cone drill training on improving the 100-meter running speed of athletes from the Didikan dan Bimbingan (D&B) Training Center in Bengkulu City. The theoretical review in this study covers the concepts of physical training, cone drill exercises, and running speed theory in track and field. This study employed an experimental method using a one-group pre-test post-test design. The study population consisted of all athletes from the Bimbel Didikan dan Bimbingan (D&B) program in Bengkulu City, with a sample of 20 athletes comprising 15 male athletes and 5 female athletes. Data collection techniques were conducted through observation, documentation, and a 100-meter sprint test using a stopwatch as the research instrument. The cone drill training program was conducted for 5 weeks with a training frequency of 3 times a week. Data analysis techniques used descriptive statistics, the Liliefors normality test, and hypothesis testing using the t-test. The results of the study showed that the average pre-test time was 13.81 seconds and the post-test time was 13.05 seconds, representing an improvement of 0.79 seconds. The results of the hypothesis test showed a calculated t-value of 24.42, which is greater than the critical t-value of 2.093 at a significance level of 0.05. Thus, it can be concluded that the cone drill exercise has a significant effect on improving the 100-meter running speed of athletes from the Didikan dan Bimbingan (D&B) Bimbel in Bengkulu City.

The Effect of Squat Jump Training on Improving Lower-Body Muscle Power in Volleyball Players from the LBT Bengkulu Selatan Club

Richard Chalief Akbar, Dody Ertanto, Mariska Febrianti — Sun, 02 Aug 2026 01:52:03 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of squat jump training on improving lower-body explosive strength in volleyball players from the LBT Bengkulu Selatan Club. A total sampling method was used to determine the number of respondents, resulting in 12 volleyball athletes from the LBT Bengkulu Selatan Club. This experimental study employed a One-Group Pre-test–Post-test design, a pre-experimental design that includes a pre-test (test before treatment) and a post-test (test after treatment) within a single group. Data collection was conducted using test scores. Descriptive data analysis and the t-test were used. The results of this study indicate that squat jumps have an effect on improving the lower limb muscle power of volleyball players at the LBT Bengkulu Selatan Club, with a calculated t-value of 3.281 and a critical t-value of 2.201 at a significance level of α = 0.05 and df = 12.

The Effect of Cone Drill Training on Improving Dribbling Skills and Agility in Soccer Players from Sumber Jaya, Bengkulu City

Aryo Setiawan, Ajis Sumantri, Asnawati Asnawati — Sun, 02 Aug 2026 01:57:27 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of cone drill training on improving the dribbling skills and agility of soccer players from Sumber Jaya, Bengkulu City. The research method used was an experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study consisted of all soccer players from Sumber Jaya, Bengkulu City, while the sample comprised 25 players selected using total sampling. The instruments used were a dribbling skills test and an agility test. Data analysis was conducted through normality tests, homogeneity tests, and hypothesis testing using a Paired Sample t-Test at a significance level of α = 0.05. The results showed that the average dribbling ability improved from 22.68 seconds in the pretest to 18.79 seconds in the posttest. The t-test results showed a calculated t-value of 2.497, which was greater than the critical t-value of 2.063, with a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05. Meanwhile, the average agility score increased from 11.42 seconds in the pretest to 9.29 seconds in the posttest. The t-test results showed that the calculated t-value of 2.540 was greater than the critical t-value of 2.063, with a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05. The results indicate that cone drills have a significant effect on improving the dribbling skills and agility of soccer players from Sumber Jaya, Bengkulu City. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that cone drills are an effective training method for improving soccer players’ dribbling skills and agility. Therefore, coaches can incorporate cone drills into their regular training programs to enhance player performance.

The Effect of Frog Jump Training on the Smash Ability of Junior Volleyball Players from North Bengkulu 08

Fitrah Ramdani, Deffri Anggara, Megi Personi — Sun, 02 Aug 2026 02:03:26 +0700

This study aimed to determine the effect of frog jump training on the smash ability of Junior 08 North Bengkulu volleyball athletes. A total sampling technique was employed, involving 15 volleyball athletes who were members of the Junior 08 North Bengkulu Volleyball Team. This experimental study used a One Group Pretest–Posttest Design, which is a pre-experimental design involving a pretest (test conducted before the treatment) and a posttest (test conducted after the treatment) within a single group. Data were collected using test scores. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques and the t-test. The results of the study indicated that frog jump training had a significant effect on the smash ability of Junior 08 North Bengkulu volleyball athletes. The calculated t-value was 3.163, while the t-table value was 2.145 at a significance level of α = 0.05 and df = 15.

The Effect of Fartlek Training on Endurance in Runners at the Semarak Athletic Center

Muhammad Okhy Stiawan, Suwarni Suwarni, Ajis Sumantri — Sun, 02 Aug 2026 11:07:04 +0700

This study was conducted to determine the effect of fartlek training on endurance in runners at the Semarak Athletic Center. The data analysis methods used included a normality test and a homogeneity test. Hypothesis testing was performed using a paired t-test because this study compared two sets of data from the same group, namely the pre-test and post-test results. The results of the study showed a calculated t-value of 6.463 with a significance level of 0.000. Since the significance level is less than 0.05, H₀ is rejected and H₁ is accepted. Based on these results, it can be concluded that fartlek training has a significant effect on increasing the VO₂max of runners at the Semarak Athletik Center Club in Bengkulu.

The Relationship Between Lower-Body and Upper-Body Muscle Power and Smash Accuracy in Men’s Volleyball

Andriansah Andriansah, Feby Elra Perdima, Aziiz Rahman Putra — Sun, 02 Aug 2026 12:07:51 +0700

This study aims to determine the relationship between lower-body muscle power and upper-body muscle power and smash accuracy among volleyball club athletes at Dehasen University in Bengkulu. The smash is one of the primary attacking techniques in volleyball, and its success is influenced by various physical factors, including lower-body muscle power and upper-body muscle power. This study employed a quantitative method with a correlational research design. The population of this study consisted of extracurricular volleyball athletes at Dehasen University in Bengkulu. The research sample consisted of 15 athletes selected based on the sampling technique used by the researcher. The research instruments used were the vertical jump test to measure lower limb muscle power, the medicine ball throw to measure upper limb muscle power, and the smash accuracy test to measure smash accuracy ability. Data analysis techniques used the Pearson Product-Moment correlation test to examine the relationship between each independent variable and the dependent variable, as well as multiple correlation to examine the combined relationship of the two independent variables on the dependent variable. The results of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between lower-body muscle power and smash accuracy, as evidenced by a correlation coefficient of 0.695. There is a significant relationship between upper-body muscle power and smash accuracy, as evidenced by a correlation coefficient of 0.751. Furthermore, there is a significant relationship between lower limb muscle power and upper limb muscle power combined with smash accuracy, as indicated by a multiple correlation coefficient (R) of 0.839; the significance test results show that the calculated F-value (Fhitung) of 14.30 is greater than the critical F-value (Ftable) of 3.89 at a 5% significance level. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that lower limb muscle power and upper limb muscle power have a significant relationship with smash accuracy among volleyball club athletes at Dehasen University, Bengkulu. The better the lower limb muscle power and upper limb muscle power possessed by the athletes, the better the resulting smash accuracy.

The Effect of Small-Sided Games on the Passing Skills of Futsal Players at the Bengkulu Futsal Female (BFF) Club in Bengkulu City

Intan Ulandari, Megi Personi, Martiani Martiani — Sun, 02 Aug 2026 12:14:57 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of small-sided games on the passing skills of futsal athletes at the Bengkulu Futsal Female (BFF) club in Bengkulu City. This study employed an experimental method using a one-group pretest-posttest design. The study population consisted of 20 participants. This study used total sampling, with a sample size of 20 players. This can be seen from the average improvement after 16 treatment sessions, as indicated by the pre-test and post-test data. The pre-test had a highest score of 6, a lowest score of 3, and an average of 4.65. The post-test had a highest score of 9, a lowest score of 3, and an average of 6.3. The pre-test score of 4.65 increased to 6.3 in the post-test. The analysis results showed a t-value of 17.27, indicating that the influence of small-sided games on the passing skills of Futsal athletes at the Bengkulu Futsal Female (BFF) club in Bengkulu City is statistically significant. It can be concluded that there is an influence of small-sided game training on the passing skills of Futsal athletes at the Bengkulu Futsal Female (BFF) club in Bengkulu City.

Hubungan Agility Dan Koordinasi Mata Kaki Terhadap Keterampilan Dribbling Permainan Futsal Pada Esktrakurikuler Futsal Di Sdn 59 Kota Bengkulu

Genriyadi Genriyadi, Deffri Anggara, Febra Ritanza — Sun, 02 Aug 2026 12:24:04 +0700

This study aims to determine the relationship between agility and eye-foot coordination with dribbling skills in futsal among students participating in the futsal extracurricular program at SDN 59 Bengkulu City. Dribbling is one of the fundamental techniques in futsal that requires good physical and motor abilities, particularly agility and eye-foot coordination. This research employed a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The population consisted of all students participating in the futsal extracurricular activities at SDN 59 Bengkulu City, and the sample was selected using total sampling techniques. Data were collected through agility tests, eye-foot coordination tests, and futsal dribbling skill tests. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality tests, and correlation analysis to determine the relationship between the variables. The results indicated that agility has a significant relationship with futsal dribbling skills, eye-foot coordination also has a significant relationship with futsal dribbling skills, and simultaneously agility and eye-foot coordination contribute positively to improving dribbling performance. Students with better agility and eye-foot coordination tend to demonstrate higher dribbling proficiency. Therefore, coaches and physical education teachers are encouraged to incorporate agility and coordination training into futsal extracurricular programs to enhance students' dribbling skills and overall playing performance.

Pengaruh Latihan Circuit Training Terhadap Kapasitas Aerobik Pada Siswa Ekstrakurikuler Bola Voli Di Smpn 21 Kota Bengkulu

Reno Charles, Roni Syahputra, Aziiz Rahman Putra — Sun, 02 Aug 2026 12:31:55 +0700

This study aimed to determine the effect of circuit training on improving aerobic capacity (VO₂Max). The research employed an experimental method using a One-Group Pretest–Posttest Design. The population consisted of 20 students, all of whom were selected as the research sample through a total sampling technique. The instrument used in this study was an aerobic capacity test to measure VO₂Max before and after the implementation of the circuit training program. The training program was conducted over eight sessions, with training intensity gradually progressing through the adaptation, development, and intensive phases. The circuit training consisted of ten exercise stations: squat jumps, push-ups, sit-ups, back-ups, knee tuck jumps, back-ups with leg raises, squat thrusts, supine leg raises, trunk lifts, and running in place/skipping. The results showed an improvement in aerobic capacity following the circuit training program. The mean pre-test score was 10.63, while the mean post-test score was 9.68, indicating improved performance after eight training sessions. Based on the findings and discussion, it can be concluded that circuit training had a significant effect on the aerobic capacity of volleyball extracurricular students at SMP Negeri 21 Bengkulu City. This was evidenced by the t-test results, where the calculated t-value (5.214) was greater than the critical t-value (1.729) at a significance level of α = 0.05. Furthermore, the average post-test result was better than the pre-test result, indicating an increase in students’ aerobic capacity after participating in the circuit training program. Therefore, circuit training can be considered an effective training method for improving students’ aerobic capacity and cardiorespiratory endurance.

Hubungan Power Otot Tungkai Dan Koordinasi Mata Tangan Terhadap Keterampilan Smash Pada Permainan Bola Volly Ekstrakurikuler Penjas Universitas Dehasen Bengkulu

Charles Julandra, Citra Dewi, Ajis Sumantri — Sun, 02 Aug 2026 12:43:40 +0700

The spike (smash) is a primary attacking technique in volleyball that plays a crucial role in scoring points. Successful execution of the spike is influenced by several physical factors, notably leg muscle power and hand-eye coordination. This study aimed to determine the relationship of leg muscle power and hand-eye coordination with spiking skills among volleyball players. A correlational research method was employed, involving a population of 15 students participating in the volleyball extracurricular program. Total sampling was used as the sampling technique. The instruments utilized included a vertical jump test to measure leg muscle power, a ball toss-and-catch test to measure hand-eye coordination, and a spiking skill test. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation with the aid of SPSS 25 software.The results indicated a positive and significant relationship between leg muscle power and spiking skills (r = 0.65, p < 0.05). Hand-eye coordination also showed a positive and significant relationship with spiking skills (r = 0.58, p < 0.05). Collectively, leg muscle power and hand-eye coordination were related to spiking skills (r = 0.72, p < 0.05).

Kontribusi Kelincahan Dan Kecepatan Terhadap Kemampuan Menggiring Bola Pemain Sepak Bola Di SMA Negeri 7 Bengkulu Selatan

Aditya Putra Ananta, Asnawai Asnawai, Dody Ertanto — Sun, 02 Aug 2026 13:10:55 +0700

This study aimed to determine the contribution of agility and speed to the dribbling ability of soccer players at SMA Negeri 7 Bengkulu Selatan. The research employed a correlational quantitative design. The population consisted of all soccer players participating in extracurricular activities at SMA Negeri 7 Bengkulu Selatan, with the sample selected using a total sampling technique. Agility was measured using the Illinois Agility Test, speed was measured using the 30-meter sprint test, and dribbling ability was assessed through a soccer dribbling test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis to determine both the partial and simultaneous contributions of agility and speed to dribbling ability.

The results showed that agility had a significant contribution to dribbling ability, speed also contributed significantly to dribbling performance, and agility and speed simultaneously provided a significant contribution to the dribbling ability of soccer players. Players with better agility and higher speed tended to demonstrate more effective ball control while dribbling during play. These findings indicate that agility and speed are important physical components that support dribbling performance in soccer. In conclusion, agility and speed contribute significantly to the dribbling ability of soccer players at SMA Negeri 7 Bengkulu Selatan. Therefore, coaches and physical education teachers are recommended to incorporate agility and speed training programs to improve players’ dribbling performance and overall soccer skills.

The Effect of a Passing Training Program on Basketball Shooting Accuracy Among Students at SMPN 2 South Bengkulu

Farhan Ilham Apriyanto, Roni Syaputra, Desrio Windoro — Sun, 02 Aug 2026 13:18:34 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of passing drills on basketball shooting accuracy among students in the extracurricular basketball program at SMP Negeri 2 Bengkulu Selatan. The research method used was an experimental method with a pre-experimental design employing a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population for this study consisted of all 20 students in the basketball extracurricular program at SMP Negeri 2 Bengkulu Selatan. The research sample consisted of 15 students. The research instrument used a 5-point shooting test. The training program was conducted for 1 month and 2 weeks, with training sessions held 3 times a week, for a total of 15 sessions. Based on the results of the hypothesis test using the t-test, the calculated t-value of 11.215 was greater than the critical t-value of 2.145 (11.215 > 2.145). Thus, H₀ was rejected and H₁ was accepted. The results of the study indicate that there was a significant improvement of 90.63% in shooting accuracy among students in the extracurricular program at SMP Negeri 2 Bengkulu Selatan as a result of passing drills.

The Effect of a 30-Meter Run on Physical Fitness Among Fifth-Grade Students at SDN 42 in Bengkulu City

Oktavia Sundari, Megi Personi, Asnawati Asnawati — Sun, 02 Aug 2026 18:38:05 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of 30-meter sprint training on improving the physical fitness levels of fifth-grade students at SDN 42 in Bengkulu City. The method used was a quantitative study with a pretest-posttest design, involving one group of subjects who received the intervention over 18 sessions. Data were collected through a sprint test, while data analysis utilized the Liliefors normality test, the test for homogeneity of variances, and the t-test at a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the students’ initial physical fitness levels before the intervention were generally in the “poor” and “moderate” categories; however, after the training, there was a significant improvement to the “good” and “very good” categories. The results of the statistical tests showed that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous, and the calculated t-value was smaller than the table t-value, so the research hypothesis was accepted. Based on these results, it was concluded that the 30-meter sprint training had a significant and effective influence on improving the physical fitness levels of fifth-grade students at SDN 42 in Bengkulu City.

The Effect of the Part-and-Whole Teaching Method on Basic Futsal Passing Skills Among Fifth-Grade Students at SD Negeri 107 Kaur

Erick Saputra Binata, Roni Syaputra, Deffri Anggara — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 16:00:06 +0700

This study aims to examine the effect of the Part and Whole learning method on basic futsal passing skills among fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 107 Kaur. The study is motivated by the low level of students’ basic futsal passing skills, as indicated by improper positioning of the supporting foot, inaccurate ball contact, and insufficient body balance when performing passing movements. The research employed an experimental method using a One Group Pretest–Posttest Design. The population as well as the research sample consisted of 30 fifth-grade students of SD Negeri 107 Kaur, selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through a basic futsal passing skills test covering three aspects: the initial stance, execution phase, and final stance. The obtained data were analyzed using a normality test, a homogeneity test, and a t-test to determine the effect of the treatment provided. The results indicate that the Part and Whole learning method has a significant effect on improving basic futsal passing skills among fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 107 Kaur. Prior to the treatment, students’ pre-test scores ranged from 23 to 42, whereas after the treatment, post-test scores increased to a range of 41 to 63. The normality test results show that the data are normally distributed, and the homogeneity test results indicate that the data are homogeneous. Based on the hypothesis testing, the calculated t-value (t_count) of 89.51 is greater than the critical t-value (t_table) of 1.697, leading to the rejection of H₀ and acceptance of Hₐ. These findings demonstrate that the implementation of the Part and Whole learning method is effective in improving students’ futsal passing skills, particularly in terms of supporting foot placement accuracy, ball contact, body balance, and follow-through movement. Therefore, the Part and Whole learning method can be considered an effective alternative for futsal instruction at the elementary school level.

The Effect of Wall Pass Drills on the Accuracy of Underhand Passes in Boys’ Volleyball at MTSN 03 Seluma

Eduwin Nurohhim, Dolly Apriansyah, Megi Personi — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 16:05:39 +0700

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was an effect of extracurricular volleyball passing practice at MTsN 03 Seluma. The study design adopted a pure one-group pretest-posttest design. This study was experimental in nature. The sample consisted of 20 students participating in the volleyball extracurricular activity at MTsN 03 Seluma. The sample in this study consisted of 20 students participating in the volleyball extracurricular activities at MTsN 03 Seluma. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that passing drills using the Wall Pass technique have a significant effect on improving the accuracy of underhand volleyball passes among students in the extracurricular program at MTsN 03 Seluma.

Applying Math Learning Based on Traditional Congklak Game to Improve Understanding of GCF and LCM Concepts

Diya Fayizza Putri, Riza Fatimah Zahrah, Hanifah Mulyani — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 16:32:15 +0700

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa pada materi Faktor Persekutuan Terbesar (FPB) dan Kelipatan Persekutuan Terkecil (KPK) melalui penerapan permainan tradisional congklak. Penelitian menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan model Kemmis dan McTaggart yang meliputi tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah 25 siswa kelas V-A SD Negeri 2 Setiamulya. Instrumen penelitian terdiri atas lembar observasi aktivitas guru dan siswa, tes pemahaman konsep, dokumentasi, serta Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan permainan tradisional congklak mampu meningkatkan aktivitas pembelajaran dan pemahaman konsep siswa. Aktivitas guru memperoleh skor 92 dengan kategori sangat baik, sedangkan aktivitas siswa memperoleh skor 85 dengan kategori baik sekali. Nilai rata-rata pemahaman konsep meningkat dari 64 pada tahap pratindakan menjadi 88,8 pada Siklus I, sementara ketuntasan belajar klasikal meningkat dari 44% menjadi 80%, sehingga melampaui indikator keberhasilan penelitian sebesar 75%. Peningkatan terjadi pada kemampuan menentukan faktor, kelipatan, FPB, KPK, serta menyelesaikan soal kontekstual. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa permainan tradisional congklak memberikan pengalaman belajar yang konkret, meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa, serta membantu membangun pemahaman konsep matematika secara lebih bermakna. Dengan demikian, media congklak dapat dijadikan alternatif pembelajaran kontekstual yang efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa sekolah dasar sekaligus mendukung pelestarian budaya lokal.

Abstract

This study aimed to improve elementary school students' conceptual understanding of the Greatest Common Factor (GCF) and Least Common Multiple (LCM) through the implementation of the traditional Congklak game. The study employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design based on the Kemmis and McTaggart model, consisting of four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The participants were 25 fifth-grade students of SD Negeri 2 Setiamulya. Data were collected through teacher and student observation sheets, conceptual understanding tests, documentation, and student worksheets (LKPD). The data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques. The findings revealed that the implementation of the Congklak game effectively enhanced both classroom engagement and students' conceptual understanding. Teacher activity achieved a score of 92 (very good), while student activity reached a score of 85 (excellent). Students' average conceptual understanding score increased from 64 in the pre-action stage to 88.8 in Cycle I, while classical learning mastery improved from 44% to 80%, exceeding the predetermined success criterion of 75%. Improvements were observed in students' ability to identify factors, multiples, GCF, LCM, and solve contextual mathematical problems. These findings indicate that the Congklak game provides meaningful concrete learning experiences, promotes active student participation, and facilitates deeper conceptual understanding of mathematics. Therefore, the Congklak game can serve as an effective contextual learning medium for improving elementary students' mathematical conceptual understanding while simultaneously preserving local cultural heritage.

The Effect of Playing Methods on the Underhand Passing Skills of Female Extracurricular Participants at State High School 16 in North Bengkulu

Puja Lestari, Megi Personi, Asnawati Asnawati — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 16:40:09 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of playing methods on the underhand passing skills of female volleyball club members at State High School 16 in North Bengkulu. The study employed an experimental approach using a pre-experimental design of the One-Group Pretest-Posttest type. All members of the girls’ volleyball club were selected as the sample through total sampling, comprising 15 participants. The intervention consisted of 12 sessions, held three times per week, and involved various passing games such as the Passing Relay, Chain Bounce Volleyball, and Target Volleyball, with a gradual increase in training volume and intensity. Underhand passing skills were measured using the Brumbach Forearm Pass Wall-Volley Test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality tests, homogeneity tests, and a paired-sample t-test at a 5% significance level. The pretest mean of 16.67 increased to 21.73 on the posttest, representing an average increase of 5.07 points. The pretest and posttest data were normally distributed, and the variances were found to be homogeneous. and the t-test results showed t = 14.704 with Sig. (2-tailed) < 0.001. These results indicate that the game-based method has a significant effect on improving underhand passing skills. The game-based method can be used as a fun, structured training alternative that encourages active participation among extracurricular program participants.

The Effect of Bounce Ball Drills on Underhand Volleyball Passing Skills Among Female Students in Extracurricular Activities at Seluma State High School No. 8

Elisa Safitri, Dolly Apriansyah, Azizatul Banat — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 16:44:57 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of bounce ball training on underhand volleyball passing skills among female students participating in extracurricular activities at Seluma State High School No. 8. The study employed an experimental approach using a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population and sample consisted of 15 female students, selected using total sampling. Underhand passing skills were measured through a one-minute wall-passing test, while the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Lilliefors normality test, the homogeneity test, and the paired t-test. Based on the individual research data, the average score increased from 15.53 on the pretest to 23.67 on the posttest, representing an increase of 8.13 points (approximately 52.36%). The results of the normality test showed that the pretest Lo value of 0.187 and the posttest Lo value of 0.156 were smaller than the table value of 0.220, while the homogeneity test yielded a calculated F value of 0.55, which was smaller than the table value of 4.67. The hypothesis test yielded a t-calculated value of 13.20, which is greater than the t-table value of 2.160 at a significance level of 0.05 with 14 degrees of freedom. Thus, the bounce ball drill has a significant effect on improving underhand passing skills in volleyball. This method can be used as a more varied alternative drill in teaching basic volleyball techniques during school extracurricular activities.

The Effect of Target Practice on Shooting Accuracy in Futsal at SMA Negeri 11 Muko-Muko

Jeki Putra Jaya, Dody Ertanto, Roni Syaputra — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 16:59:02 +0700

Shooting accuracy is a decisive technical component in futsal because the game is played in a limited space, with rapid transitions and high pressure from opponents. This study aimed to determine the effect of target practice on the shooting accuracy of futsal players at SMA Negeri 11 Muko-muko. A quantitative experimental method with a one group pretest-posttest design was applied to 20 male futsal players who met the criteria of being healthy, willing to follow the treatment rules, and actively participating in the futsal program. The treatment was implemented in 14 meetings, including pretest and posttest sessions, with a frequency of two meetings per week. Data were collected using a shooting accuracy test in which each player performed five shots toward marked target zones on the goal. The data were analyzed through prerequisite tests and paired sample t-test at a 5% significance level. The results showed an increase in the mean score from 10.65 in the pretest to 16.20 in the posttest. The t-test result indicated that tcount = 5.678 was higher than ttable = 1.729, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. The improvement percentage was 5.55%. These findings indicate that target practice has a significant effect on shooting accuracy and can be used as an applied training strategy to improve futsal performance in school-based coaching.

The Effect of Drill Exercise Method on Shooting Skills of Futsal Extracurricular Participants at SMPN 9 Bengkulu City

Rizki Adiah Putra, Deffri Anggara, Asnawati Asnawati — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 17:08:55 +0700

This study aims to analyze the effect of applying the tactical approach and the drilling method on the shooting skills of futsal extracurricular participants at SMPN 9 Bengkulu City, as well as to examine the difference in effectiveness between the two training methods. This research is a quantitative experiment using a Two Groups Pretest-Posttest Design. The research population included all active participants in the futsal extracurricular at SMPN 9 Bengkulu City, totaling 17 students, with the sampling technique employing total sampling. Group assignment was conducted through the Matched Subject Ordinal Pairing technique based on pre-test score rankings, resulting in Group A (Tactical Approach, N=9) and Group B (Drilling Method, N=8). Treatments were administered over 6 weeks with a frequency of 16 sessions, and data were collected using a targeted, weighted futsal shooting accuracy test. Data were statistically analyzed using Paired Sample t-tests and Independent Samples t-tests at a significance level of \alpha = 0.05 after satisfying normality and homogeneity assumption tests. The results showed that the tactical approach significantly improved shooting skills (t = 58.890; p = 0.000 < 0.05) with an average score increase from 37.78 to 54.78 (gain score of 17.00 or a 45.00% improvement). Similarly, the drilling method was proven to significantly enhance shooting skills (t = 78.342; p = 0.000 < 0.05) with an average score increase from 39.00 to 64.38 (gain score of 25.38 or a 65.06% improvement). Furthermore, the comparative effectiveness test revealed a significant difference between the two groups (t = -2.625; p = 0.019 < 0.05), in which the drilling method was proven to be significantly more effective in improving futsal shooting skills than the tactical approach, with an improvement margin of 20.06%. Thus, it can be concluded that both training methods effectively enhance futsal shooting skills, but the drilling method yields a higher and more optimal improvement for junior high school students.

The Effect of Arm Muscle Strength Training on Underhand Serve Ability in Volleyball Extracurricular Activities at SMPN 21 Bengkulu City

David Amanda Pratama, Deffri Anggara, Asnawati Asnawati — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 17:16:09 +0700

The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) whether there is a relationship between arm muscle strength and underhand serve performance; (2) whether there is a relationship between arm length and underhand serve performance; (3) whether there is a relationship between arm muscle strength and arm length simultaneously and underhand serve performance; and (4) the contribution of arm muscle strength and arm length to underhand serve performance. The research method employed a survey approach using test techniques. The research hypotheses were: (1) there is a relationship between arm muscle strength and underhand serve performance; (2) there is a relationship between arm length and underhand serve performance; (3) there is a relationship between arm muscle strength and arm length simultaneously and underhand serve performance; and (4) arm muscle strength and arm length contribute to underhand serve performance. The population of this study consisted of 20 male students at SMPN 21 Bengkulu City. The sampling technique used was total sampling. The research variables consisted of the independent variables (predictors), namely: (1) arm muscle strength (X1) and (2) arm length (X2), while the dependent variable (criterion), or Y, was underhand serve performance. Since the entire population consisted of 20 students, the total sampling technique resulted in a sample of 20 participants. The research data were analyzed using simple regression and multiple regression techniques with SPSS version 10 at a significance level of 5%. The results of the data analysis showed that the F-test for rX1–Y was 10.811 ≥ Ftable 4.20, with a significance value of 0.003; the F-test for rX2–Y was 4.880 ≥ Ftable 4.20, with a significance value of 0.036; and the F-test for rX1X2–Y was 7.773 ≥ Ftable 3.25, with a significance value of 0.002. The simultaneous contribution of X1 and X2 to Y was 36.5%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that: (1) there is a relationship between arm muscle strength and underhand serve performance; (2) there is a relationship between arm length and underhand serve performance; (3) there is a relationship between arm muscle strength and arm length simultaneously and underhand serve performance; and (4) arm muscle strength and arm length contribute to underhand serve performance. Based on the conclusions of this study, it is recommended that teachers at SMPN 21 Bengkulu City consider arm muscle strength and arm length as supporting factors when designing training programs to improve students’ underhand serve performance. By incorporating these aspects into the training program, the underhand serve training process is expected to become more effective and efficient.

The Implementation Of Discipline And Responsibility Character Education Through Physical Education, Sport, And Health (Pjok) Subject For Students At Sd Negeri 04 Kota Bengkulu

Arrayyan Nazhiif, Ajis Sumantri, Asnawati Asnawati — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 17:24:03 +0700

This study is motivated by the persistence of undisciplined behavior and low responsibility among elementary school students, while Physical Education, Sport, and Health (PJOK) holds a strategic position for instilling both values through physical activities. This study aims to describe the implementation of discipline and responsibility character education through PJOK learning among fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 04 Kota Bengkulu. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach, with the PJOK teacher, fifth-grade students, and the school principal as subjects. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, with validity strengthened by source triangulation. Results show that discipline implementation has run fairly well, reflected in lesson plans explicitly stating discipline values, students' habits of arriving on time, listening to instructions, and putting away equipment, although some students were still occasionally late. Responsibility implementation has also run well, evident from equipment duty, willingness to serve as team captains, sportsmanship, and concern for reminding peers who broke rules. Supporting factors include the teacher's consistency and explicit lesson planning, while inhibiting factors include some students' inconsistent discipline. Overall, PJOK learning has contributed positively to shaping fifth-grade students' discipline and responsibility character.

The Relationship Between Lower-Body Muscle Strength and Eye-Foot Coordination and Futsal Passing Accuracy in the Extracurricular Program at SMPN 21, Bengkulu City

Anas Abdul Haqqi Prajaya, Dody Ertanto, Febra Ritanza — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 17:28:57 +0700

This study aims to determine the relationship between lower-body muscle strength and eye-foot coordination and the accuracy of futsal passes among students in the extracurricular program at SMP Negeri 21 in Bengkulu City. The study employed a quantitative approach using a correlational method. The study population consisted of 18 students, all of whom were included in the sample through total sampling. Lower-body muscle strength was measured using the Standing Broad Jump, eye-foot coordination using the Soccer Wall Volley Test, and passing accuracy was measured through passing and ball control tests. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a normality test, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, multiple correlation, the coefficient of determination, and an F-test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that lower-body muscle strength was significantly associated with passing accuracy (r = 0.583) and contributed 33.95%. Eye-foot coordination was also significantly associated with passing accuracy (r = 0.536) and contributed 28.71%. Simultaneously, lower-body muscle strength and eye-foot coordination were significantly associated with passing accuracy, with R = 0.682 and R² = 46.5%. The F-test results showed that the calculated F-value (Fhitung) = 6.52 was greater than the critical F-value (Ftable) = 3.68. These findings confirm that both components need to be developed in an integrated manner within training programs to improve students’ passing accuracy.

The Effect of Target Practice on Shooting Accuracy in Futsal Extracurricular Players at SMAN 4 North Bengkulu

Galeh Damar Sasongko, Deffri Anggara, Azizatul Banat — Sun, 16 Aug 2026 17:37:56 +0700

This study is motivated by observations of the futsal players at SMAN 4 Bengkulu Utara, which revealed poor shooting accuracy. During shooting attempts, the ball's velocity tended to be low, shots often missed the goal, and players lacked concentration. This study aims to determine the effect of target-based training on improving the shooting accuracy of futsal players at SMAN 4 Bengkulu Utara. An experimental method utilizing a one-group pretest-posttest design was employed. The study population consisted of all 15 futsal players from SMAN 4 Bengkulu Utara, with total sampling used as the sampling technique. A modified goal-shooting test incorporating specific targets (goaling, girshoot, zig-zag goal, and bolbal shoot) was used to measure shooting accuracy. Data analysis was conducted using a paired-sample t-test at a significance level of $\alpha = 0.05$. The study results are expected to demonstrate a significant difference between pretest performance (prior to the intervention) and posttest performance (after the intervention). Through the implementation of a systematic and repetitive target-based training program, a significant improvement in the shooting accuracy and technique quality of the SMAN 4 Bengkulu Utara futsal players is anticipated. The study concludes that target-based training serves as an effective alternative training method for coaches to enhance shooting accuracy while simultaneously reducing athlete boredom during practice.

The Effect of Leg Weight Training on the Speed and Power of Dollyo Chagi Kicks in Taekwondo Athletes at SMP Negeri 04 Rejang Lebong

Wahyuda Fratenza, Mesterjon Mesterjon, Martiani Martiani — Mon, 17 Aug 2026 12:51:37 +0700

This study aims to find out the effect of leg weight training on the speed and power of the Dollyo Chagi kick in Taekwondo athletes at SMP Negeri 04 Rejang Lebong. This research uses an experimental method with a one group pre-test and post-test design. The population and sample of the study consisted of 20 extracurricular Taekwondo athletes, selected using a total sampling technique. The leg weight training program was given 16 times, with a frequency of three times a week. Data collection was carried out through speed tests and power tests of the Dollyo Chagi kick. The data analysis technique used descriptive analysis, normality tests, homogeneity tests, and paired sample t-tests at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the average kick speed increased from 59.20 in the pre-test to 66.65 in the post-test, with an increase percentage of 12.58%. The hypothesis test results obtained a t-count value of 33.361 > t-table 2.093 andThe significance value is 0.000 < 0.05. The average kicking power also increased from 2.30 to 3.45, with a percentage increase of 50.00%. The hypothesis test for kicking strength got a calculated t-value of 10.510 > table t of 2.093 and a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. Based on these results, it can be concluded that leg weight training has a significant effect on improving the speed and power of Dollyo Chagi kicks in Taekwondo athletes at SMP Negeri 04 Rejang Lebong.

The Effect of Speed Training on Futsal Players' Dribbling Speed at PDK FC Futsal Club, Rejang Lebong Regency

Muhamat Dandi, Mariska Febrianti, Deffri Anggara — Mon, 17 Aug 2026 12:59:03 +0700

PeThis study aims to find out and analyze the effect of speed training on improving dribbling speed in futsal players at PDK FC Futsal Club in Rejang Lebong Regency. It uses a total sampling method with 20 futsal players from PDK FC Futsal Club in Rejang Lebong Regency. This experimental research applies a One Group Pre-test – Post-test design, which is a pre-experimental design that includes a pre-test (test before treatment) and post-test (test after treatment) within one group. Data collection was done using test scores. The data was analyzed using descriptive analysis and t-test. The results show that speed training affects the dribbling speed of futsal players at PDK FC Club in Rejang Lebong Regency, with a calculated t-value of 11.793 compared to a table t-value of 2.093 at a significance level of α = 0.05 and df = 20.

The Effect of Plyometric Training Methods on Improving Long Jump Ability in Students of SMP N 4 Central Bengkulu

Dian Saputra, Citra Dewi, Dodi Ertanto — Mon, 17 Aug 2026 13:08:42 +0700

This study aims to find out the effect of plyometric training on improving long jump ability in athletes at SMP Negeri 4 Bengkulu Tengah. The problem in this study is that the athletes' long jump ability is still low, so an effective training method is needed to increase leg muscle explosiveness and jump results. The type of research used is experimental with a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The population in this study was 18 athletes, while the research sample was 15 athletes taken using purposive sampling. The research instrument used was a standing long jump test. The data analysis technique used normality tests, homogeneity tests, and hypothesis tests using paired sample t-tests at a significance level of α = 0.05. The results of the study showed that the average pre-test result was 2.86 meters and increased in the post-test to 3.46 meters. The results of the normality test showed that the data bThe data is normally distributed with a pre-test significance value of 0.200 and a post-test value of 0.178. The homogeneity test results show that the data is homogeneous, with significance values of 4.14 and 3.62, which are greater than the Ftabel of 2.48. Based on the hypothesis test results, the t-calculated value is 5.214, greater than the t-table value of 1.761, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. The percentage increase in long jump results is 20.97%. Therefore, this study shows that plyometric training has an effect on improving long jump ability in students at SMP Negeri 4 Bengkulu Tengah.

The Effect of Target Game Training on Instep Shooting Accuracy in the Futsal Team of SMA Negeri 11 Rejang Lebong

Dhany Ferdynan. H, Citra Dewi, Ajis Sumantri — Mon, 17 Aug 2026 13:20:40 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of target game training on shooting accuracy using the instep among players of the futsal team at SMA Negeri 11 Rejang Lebong. The population of this study consisted of all 15 players of the SMA Negeri 11 Rejang Lebong futsal team. A purposive sampling technique was employed, resulting in a sample of 15 players who met the research criteria. This research adopted an experimental method using a One Group Pretest–Posttest Design, which involves an initial test (pretest) before the treatment and a final test (posttest) after the treatment within a single group. The treatment consisted of target game training, including goaling, girshoot, zig-zag goal, and bolbal shoot exercises, conducted over six weeks with a training frequency of three sessions per week. Data were collected using an instep shooting accuracy test instrument. The data analysis techniques included descriptive statistical analysis, normality testing, homogeneity testing, and hypothesis testing using a paired sample t-test. The results showed that target game training had a significant effect on instep shooting accuracy among the players of the SMA Negeri 11 Rejang Lebong futsal team. This was evidenced by the paired sample t-test results, which yielded a calculated t-value of 67.350, while the t-table value was 2.145 at a significance level of α = 0.05 with 14 degrees of freedom (df). In addition, the significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) was 0.000, which is less than 0.05. The mean pretest score of 25.33 increased to 39.73 in the posttest, representing an improvement of 14.40 points or 56.85%. Therefore, it can be concluded that target game training has a significant effect on improving instep shooting accuracy among players of the SMA Negeri 11 Rejang Lebong futsal team.

The Effect of Plyometric Training on Dollyo Chagi Kick Performance in Taekwondo Athletes at the Kaur Octopus Taekwondo Dojang

Elen Afrillia, Suwarni Suwarni, Feby Erla Perdima — Mon, 17 Aug 2026 13:26:35 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of plyometric training on the performance of the dollyo chagi kick among Taekwondo athletes at Dojang Taekwondo Kaur Octopus. The background of this study is based on the relatively low performance of the dollyo chagi kick, which is influenced by the athletes’ limited speed and lower-limb explosive power. Plyometric training was selected because it is an effective training method for improving speed, strength, and explosive power of the lower limbs, which are essential in executing the dollyo chagi kick. The research method used was an experimental method with a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sample consisted of 12 male Taekwondo athletes from Dojang Kaur Octopus, selected using a total sampling technique. The research instrument was a 15-second dollyo chagi kick test. The treatment was conducted through a plyometric training program consisting of ladder drills, knee tuck jumps, lateral jumps, and jump-and-hip rotation exercises over 12 training sessions. Data analysis was performed using normality tests, homogeneity tests, and hypothesis testing with a Paired Sample t-Test using SPSS software. The results showed that the average pre-test score of 22.17 increased to 30.58 in the post-test. The hypothesis testing results indicated a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of < 0.001 < 0.05 with a t-value of 10.885, meaning that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted and the null hypothesis (H₀) was rejected. These results indicate that plyometric training has a significant effect on improving the performance of the dollyo chagi kick among Taekwondo athletes at Dojang Kaur Octopus. In addition, there was an improvement in athlete performance categories, where in the post-test 83.33% of athletes were classified in the “very good” category and 16.67% in the “good” category. Therefore, plyometric training can be recommended as an effective training method to improve the dollyo chagi kicking ability of Taekwondo athletes.

The Contribution of Agility and Speed to Dribbling Among Futsal Players in the Himajas Extracurricular Club at Dehasen University in Bengkulu

Defri Wijaya, Dody Ertanto, Roni Syaputra — Mon, 17 Aug 2026 13:32:25 +0700

This study aims to determine the relationship between agility and speed and the dribbling ability of futsal athletes. The research method used was a quantitative method with a correlational approach. The population in this study consisted of 20 futsal athletes, and the entire population was used as the research sample using total sampling. The instruments used in this study included agility tests, speed tests, and dribbling ability tests. The data analysis techniques used were descriptive analysis, normality tests, product-moment correlation, multiple correlation, the coefficient of determination, and significance tests at a level of α = 0.05. The results of the study indicate that: (1) there is a significant relationship between agility and dribbling ability, with a correlation coefficient of 0.486 and a contribution of 23.62%; (2) there is a relationship between speed and dribbling ability, with a correlation coefficient of 0.810 and a contribution of 3.24%; and (3) there is a significant combined relationship between agility and speed and dribbling ability, with a multiple correlation coefficient of 0.553 and a contribution of 30.6%. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that agility and speed are related to futsal players’ dribbling ability. Agility contributes more to dribbling ability than speed does. Therefore, coaches are advised to design training programs that improve agility and speed to help futsal players enhance their dribbling ability.

The Effect of Exercise Variations on the Underhand Passing Ability of Fifth Grade Students at State Elementary School 58 Rejang Lebong

Bagus Yudistira, Ajis Sumantri, Desrio Windoro — Mon, 17 Aug 2026 13:38:30 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of varied training exercises on the underhand passing skills of fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 58 Rejang Lebong. The problem addressed in this study is the students’ still-low level of underhand passing ability, as evidenced by the inaccuracy of their basic underhand passing technique during Physical Education classes. Therefore, a varied training method is needed to improve the students’ underhand passing skills. The research method used was an experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study consisted of all fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 58 Rejang Lebong, totaling 6 students. Total sampling was used, meaning the entire population served as the study sample. The research instrument used was a volleyball underhand passing ability test. The data analysis techniques used included calculating the mean, conducting a normality test, and performing a hypothesis test using the t-test. The results showed that the students’ pretest mean score was 58.33 and their posttest mean score was 78.83. Thus, there was an average increase of 20.50 points. The results of the hypothesis test show that the calculated t-value of 14.81 is greater than the critical t-value of 2.571 at a 5% significance level with degrees of freedom (df) = 5. This indicates that there is a significant effect of training variations on the underhand passing ability of fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 58 Rejang Lebong. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that training variations have a significant effect on the underhand passing skills of fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 58 Rejang Lebong. Therefore, training variations can be used as an alternative teaching method to improve underhand passing skills in volleyball.

Evaluasi Permainan Tim RRQ Hoshi Pada MPL Season 14 (Studi Kasus Rotasi Permainan Tim RRQ Hoshi)

Revio Harkel, Feby Elra Perdima, Roni Syaputra — Mon, 17 Aug 2026 13:44:19 +0700

This study aims to analyze the in-game rotation of the RRQ Hoshi team across 16 matches during the MPL Indonesia Season 14 Playoffs and Grand Final, employing a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through non-participant observation of video recordings to identify rotation patterns and their effectiveness. The results indicate that RRQ Hoshi's in-game rotation was highly inconsistent; at their peak performance, their rotations proved highly effective, coordinated, and proactive in securing crucial objectives—such as the Turtle and Lord—that were pivotal to victory. Conversely, during periods of declining performance, their rotations became chaotic and undisciplined, often leading to disastrous outcomes caused by uncoordinated, high-risk aggression and an inability to contest objectives under pressure. Thus, it is concluded that RRQ's success was not determined by their rotation strategy concept—which had proven effective—but rather by consistency in execution and team coordination, which served as the fundamental factors distinguishing between victory and defeat.

Pengaruh Latihan Butt Kick Jump Terhadap Peningkatan Daya Ledak Otot Tungkai Pemain Bola Voli Universitas Dehasen Bengkulu

Yupisa Putri Anggela, Dwingki M.P, Ajis S — Mon, 17 Aug 2026 14:01:16 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of butt kick jump exercises on improving the muscle explosive power of Universitas Dehasen Bengkulu volleyball players. A total sampling method was employed to select the participants, resulting in a sample of 14 volleyball athletes from Universitas Dehasen Bengkulu.This experimental study utilized a One-Group Pre-test–Post-test design—a pre-experimental design involving a pre-test (administered before the treatment) and a post-test (administered after the treatment) within a single group. Data collection was conducted using test scores, and the data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and the t-test. The results indicate that butt kick jump exercises have an effect on improving the muscle explosive power of Universitas Dehasen Bengkulu volleyball players, with a calculated t-value of 2.977 compared to a t-table value of 1.771 (at a significance level of α = 0.05 and df = 14).