The Effect of Arm Muscle Strength Training on Underhand Serve Ability in Volleyball Extracurricular Activities at SMPN 21 Bengkulu City

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) whether there is a relationship between arm muscle strength and underhand serve performance; (2) whether there is a relationship between arm length and underhand serve performance; (3) whether there is a relationship between arm muscle strength and arm length simultaneously and underhand serve performance; and (4) the contribution of arm muscle strength and arm length to underhand serve performance. The research method employed a survey approach using test techniques. The research hypotheses were: (1) there is a relationship between arm muscle strength and underhand serve performance; (2) there is a relationship between arm length and underhand serve performance; (3) there is a relationship between arm muscle strength and arm length simultaneously and underhand serve performance; and (4) arm muscle strength and arm length contribute to underhand serve performance. The population of this study consisted of 20 male students at SMPN 21 Bengkulu City. The sampling technique used was total sampling. The research variables consisted of the independent variables (predictors), namely: (1) arm muscle strength (X1) and (2) arm length (X2), while the dependent variable (criterion), or Y, was underhand serve performance. Since the entire population consisted of 20 students, the total sampling technique resulted in a sample of 20 participants. The research data were analyzed using simple regression and multiple regression techniques with SPSS version 10 at a significance level of 5%. The results of the data analysis showed that the F-test for rX1–Y was 10.811 ≥ Ftable 4.20, with a significance value of 0.003; the F-test for rX2–Y was 4.880 ≥ Ftable 4.20, with a significance value of 0.036; and the F-test for rX1X2–Y was 7.773 ≥ Ftable 3.25, with a significance value of 0.002. The simultaneous contribution of X1 and X2 to Y was 36.5%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that: (1) there is a relationship between arm muscle strength and underhand serve performance; (2) there is a relationship between arm length and underhand serve performance; (3) there is a relationship between arm muscle strength and arm length simultaneously and underhand serve performance; and (4) arm muscle strength and arm length contribute to underhand serve performance. Based on the conclusions of this study, it is recommended that teachers at SMPN 21 Bengkulu City consider arm muscle strength and arm length as supporting factors when designing training programs to improve students’ underhand serve performance. By incorporating these aspects into the training program, the underhand serve training process is expected to become more effective and efficient.