AGRITEPA: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian

The Impact Of Independent Smallholder Fresh Fruit Bunch Quality On Corporate Profit Through Cpo Production

2026-06-22T12:15:51+07:00

Purpose : This study aims to analyze the effect of Third-Party Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) Quality (X) on Company Profitability (Y) at PT Sinergi Perkebunan Nusantara, by specifically examining the role of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Production Volume (Z) as a mediating variable. Methodology : The Method of this research employed quantitative by case study approach using secondary time-series data from 2021–2024, this research applies path analysis to test the proposed causal relationship model. Results : The results of the research indicate that Third-Party FFB Quality, particularly the quantity of supply dimension, has a significant and positive effect on CPO Production Volume. Increased purchase volumes effectively mitigate chronic idle capacity issues, while improvements in the intrinsic quality of FFB contribute to achieving a superior Oil Extraction Rate (OER). Furthermore, higher CPO Production Volume is proven to be a primary driver of Company Profitability through economies of scale, which substantially reduce the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) and enhance revenue potential. Findings : These findings conclusively confirm the mediation hypothesis, whereby CPO Production Volume functions as a crucial causal bridge that transmits upstream supply chain advantages into superior corporate financial performance. Novelty: The Novelty of this research enriches the literature on operations management and production theory by providing empirical validation of the mediating mechanism of operational variables in linking raw material input quality to financial performance in industries characterized by high fixed-cost structures. Originality: The research managerial implications emphasize the urgency of shifting the paradigm from transactional relationships toward strategic partnerships with independent smallholder farmers. Conclusion: The implementation of quality-based incentive schemes and technical assistance programs is essential to ensure the sustainability of corporate profitability. Type of Paper : Research Article.

Catfish Business Development Strategy (Clarias Batrachus) On Fairy Catfish In Bengkulu City

2026-06-19T15:15:22+07:00

Purpose:”Identification of internal and external factors in the Peri business and catfish development strategies in Bengkulu City aims to increase business income. Methodology: This research is qualitative with a descriptive approach, which applies SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis, as well as IFAS (Internal Factor Analysis Summary) and EFAS (External Factor Analysis Summary) analytical methods. Results:The research on the catfish business development strategy in Bengkulu City revealed that the main strength factors are the high nutritional content and the high production volume (score 0.57).” The main weakness factor is the low quality of the ponds (score 0.20), and the total weighted score for the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix is 2.78. Findings: The main opportunity factor is the high market demand (score 0.58), the main threat factor is the market distance (score 0.26), and the total weighted score for the External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Matrix is 2.72. Novelty: This research presents a comprehensive approach by integrating SWOT analysis with the IFAS and EFAS matrices within the context of the catfish farming business in Bengkulu City, which has rarely been applied before. This approach simultaneously combines the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of internal and external factors, while formulating strategies based on concrete field data. Originality: The development of the catfish business as a local commodity, considering nutritional, production, and digital marketing aspects (which are still minimally implemented), and the use of IFAS and EFAS analysis in processing SWOT data, provides a new perspective for relevant and applicable development strategies for catfish farming entrepreneurs. Conclusion: The catfish farming business development strategy resulted in six (6) alternative strategies, namely:1) Increasing market demand and production. 2) Socializing the high nutritional content to attract consumers. 3) Expanding the distribution network. 4) Enhancing consumer appeal by prioritizing catfish size. 5) Utilizing digital marketing technology such as social media to promote catfish in the sales market. 6) Developing derivative processed products based on catfish. Type of Paper: A research article with a descriptive qualitative approach focusing on business development strategy analysis.

Characteristic of Yield, FFA, Impurity Content, Water Content and pH In High Acid CPO (HACPO)

2026-06-19T15:15:23+07:00

Purpose : This study aims to obtain the results of the analysis of the characteristics of high acid CPO. Methodology: Measurement of HACPO oil yield values is obtained from the percentage of HACPO oil produced per unit weight of palm fruit flesh. Quality testing of free fatty acid (FFA) levels, impurities and water content and pH measurements. Results: The results show that the HACPO oil yield produced in the study ranged from 19.24% - 19.66%, indicating lower than the CPO yield study. HACPO quality analysis showed higher values of impurities and water content (> 5%) Apart from that, there was an increase in the levels of free fatty acids along with the longer storage time of HACPO, namely from day 1 at 7.30% to day 7 at 7.61% with pH measurements in the range of pH at 4.19-4.38 on the 7th day, the pH tends to be lower (acidic) compared to the previous day's storage treatment. Findings: The HACPO quality shows results that do not meet the standards of SNI 01-2901-2006 for food CPO, possibly still uses simple and semi-manual machines during the second boiling and storage techniques. Originality: research on the yield and quality of HACPO from the processing industry by the community has not been published. Type of paper: papper research was laboratory-scale experimental study on the yield and quality of HACPO

Characterization Of Unmilled Local Foxtail Millet (Setaria Italica L.) Varieties As Potential Local Food Sources To Support Indonesia'S Food Security

2026-06-19T15:15:23+07:00

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is a local cereal with great potential as an alternative food source in Indonesia. Purpose : This study aims to characterize the physicochemical properties of whole-grain foxtail millet flour from three different varieties based on seed color: cream (TXX), red (TYY), and black (TZZ). Methodology: The evaluated parameters included chemical properties (moisture, ash, fat, protein, and carbohydrate contents) and physical properties (thousand-grain weight and color parameters). This study utilized a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test at a 5% significance level. Results: The results showed significant differences in moisture content, ash content, thousand-grain weight, and color parameters (p < 0,05). Conversely, fat, protein, and carbohydrate contents were not significantly different among the varieties (p < 0,05). Findings: The black variety exhibited the lowest moisture content (10.23%) and the highest ash content (4.79%), indicating excellent storage stability and high mineral content. The cream variety showed the highest thousand-grain weight (1.26 g) along with a lightness value () of 68.16 and a value of 25.85, reflecting a bright, yellowish flour profile. Novelty: This study demonstrates that the red variety displays the highest value (6.83), which strongly indicates the presence of anthocyanin content. Conclusion: Each variety possesses specific advantages tailored for different product applications; thus, this characterization is essential for optimizing the utilization of foxtail millet in diversifying local Indonesian food sources. Type of Paper: Research paper.

An IoT-Based Monitoring System For Assessing Biodigester Fertilizer Quality For Vegetable Farmers

2026-06-19T15:15:23+07:00

Purpose: The increasing demand for organic vegetables is due to their superior quality, freshness, longer shelf life, and healthier flavors compared to non-organic vegetables. Organic vegetables are generally considered safer for consumption. Therefore, vegetables with higher nutritional content, such as vitamin C, antioxidants, and rich minerals, as well as fresher colors and appearance, are sought after. Methodology: This Internet of Things Monitoring System research was implemented and developed using the waterfall method. . Results The results of the reading from the Node MCU control device will then be sent via a WiFi device so that the results can later be accessed online. Findings: Conditions in the field for vegetable farmers make it difficult to use appropriate biodegradable fertilizers, therefore farmers tend to use more instant fertilizers because they are easier and more practical, where fertilizers and pesticides can be purchased at shops.Novelty: The system equipment used and developed is sensor equipment designed to obtain information related to the quality of Biodigester fertilizer that is suitable for use as vegetable fertilizer, namely a methane sensor (MQ-4 Sensor) and a control device used by the MCU Node. Originality: This research uses the Waterfall method, the stages are Engineering, design and implementation, testing, application and maintenance. Conclusion: The test results of the prototype of the cow manure pH meter as a biodigester fertilizer above show that the NodeMCU-based cow manure pH meter system was successfully designed and functioned well. The pH value can be displayed on the LCD and sent to a smartphone in real time via a WiFi network. The measurement accuracy is quite good with an error below 3%. Type of Paper: Empirical Research Articles

Competitiveness Strategy Of Smes Copra In Kempas District With Swot And Ahp Method Approach

2026-06-19T15:15:24+07:00

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analysis strategies to improve the competitiveness of copra Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Kempas District. Methodology: This research uses a survey method, research sampling using purposive sampling. The research respondents included Respondents in the SWOT analysis were 7 owners of copra agro-industry, 2 intermediary traders, 1 BRI Bank, the Head of Kempas Sub-district, and the Head of the Agricultural Extension Center (BPP) coordinator and respondents who became experts in the AHP analysis were one exporter (CV Amarta), one intermediary trader and the Head of the Kempas Sub-district Agricultural Extension Center (BPP) coordinator. Results The survey results were followed by Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT), including internal factor analysis and external factor analysis then analysis with the method Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to select alternative copra SMEs competitiveness strategies. Based on SWOT, the results of internal analysis include 4 strength factors and 6 weakness factors, while external analysis obtained 5 opportunity factors and 4 threat factors. Analysis using the SWOT matrix shows that there are 7 strategies for the competitiveness of copra SMEs in Kempas District. The next stage is to select alternative competitiveness strategies using the AHP method based on selected criteria, namely machine, method, and material. The strategy recommendations obtained based on these criteria are the use of a dryer with a score of 0.230, determining the appropriate raw material specifications with a score of 0.195 and building partner trust with a score of 0.143. Novelty: This study systematically integrates SWOT and AHP approaches to determine the competitiveness strategy of copra UMKM based on technical and operational priorities at the sub-district level. Type of Paper: Identifisuch as a research article.

The Investigation Impact In Rubber Wastewater Invitalized of Land Surface For Rubber Processor Industry at PT. Bukit Angkasa Makmur Bengkulu

2026-06-19T15:15:24+07:00

Purpose : This research aims to provide a scientific basis for controlling environmental pollution due to rubber processing industry activities and to support more environmentally sound industrial practices. Methodology: The research method used is a quantitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach including soil sampling carried out at two locations, namely points affected by waste seepage and control points (not affected) as a comparison. Soil samples are then analyzed in the laboratory to measure physico-chemical parameters including pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), nitrogen content and soil texture. Results: The results of the investigation into the impact of rubber waste infiltration show that the infiltration of untreated rubber industry liquid waste at PT. Bukit Angkasa Makmur (BAM), Bengkulu, triggers a decline in water and soil quality. This is characterized by a spike in BOD parameters (93–9343mg/L), COD, and TSS. This condition causes damage to the ecosystem and threatens the availability of clean water for local residents. Conclusion: Investigation of the impact of rubber waste infiltration shows that inadequately treated rubber industrial wastewater infiltration results in serious environmental damage, such as groundwater pollution, decreased fertility, and the formation of anaerobic conditions due to high concentrations of BOD (93-9,343 mg/L), COD, and TSS. The implementation of Waste Water Treatment Plants (IPAL) based on 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) is very urgent to minimize pollution and restore soil quality. Type of Paper : Research article.

Quantitativ And Qualitative Characteristics Of Male Bali Cattle In Kabila Bone Sub District

2026-06-19T15:15:24+07:00

Purpose: This study aims to identify the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Bali bull cattle in Kabila Bone District and provide foundational information for developing local superior breeding stock. Methodology: The study involved 20 Bali bull cattle aged 2–8 years. Quantitative data were obtained through morphometric measurements (body length, chest girth, body height, hip width, etc.), while qualitative traits were visually observed (coat color, leg markings, dorsal stripe, horns, and tail color). Data were analyzed descriptively by calculating mean, minimum, maximum, and standard deviation values. Results: The average body length was 101.00 cm, chest girth 148.45 cm, and body height 110.55 cm. The dominant coat color was black mixed with brown (45%), leg markings were mostly clearly defined (55%), dorsal stripes were mostly moderate (70%), all cattle had horns (100%), and black tail color dominated (85%). Findings: The Bali bulls in the study location exhibited characteristics consistent with pure Bali cattle, with minor variations due to environmental influences. Novelty: This study provides a comprehensive morphological documentation of Bali cattle in eastern Gorontalo, which has been rarely reported. Originality: It simultaneously describes both qualitative and quantitative traits of a local Bali cattle population that has not been previously documented. Conclusion: The Bali bull population in Kabila Bone District retains the original phenotypic characteristics and has strong potential to be developed as a superior breeding stock. Type of Paper: Research article.

Determination of the Shelf Life of Wet Sago Noodles Produced by Pondok Sagu Metro

2026-06-19T15:15:25+07:00

Purpose : This study aims to determine the shelf life of wet sago noodles produced by Pondok Sagu Metro whose shelf life is unknown. Methodology: This study was conducted using the Extended Storage Studies (ESS) method, with the treatment of wet sago noodle products in embossed vacuum plastic stored at two storage conditions, namely: at a temperature of 2-8°C with RH 85% (chiller temperature) and a temperature of 25°C with RH 41% (room temperature). Observations were made every day for 7 days on the parameters of mouisture content, Total Plate Count (TPC), and organoleptic tests. Results: The shelf life of wet sago noodles based on the Total Plate Count (TPC) value is 5 days at room temperature and 7 days at chiller temperature. Findings: For products that are easily damaged by microorganisms, the shelf life of the product can be written as the use by date on the packaging label. Novelty: Determining the shelf life of products based on the relationship between TPC value parameters and organoleptic tests has not been widely carried out. Originality: This study used wet sago noodles produced by Pondok Sagu Metro as a test sample, so it can be used as a reference for listing the expired date. Conclusion: Differences in storage conditions affect changes in the TPC value and organoleptic test of wet sago noodles during storage, but do not affect their mouisture content. Type of Paper : Research Article.

Preference Level Of Lauwon Soybean Coffee

2026-06-19T15:15:25+07:00

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the composition and consumer preference level of Lauwon soybean coffee as an innovation in local soybean-based food diversification. The research is important to support the development of non-caffeinated alternative beverages based on plant protein and to increase the added value of soybeans through postharvest processing, while providing a scientific basis for the development of soybean coffee as a functional food product rooted in local wisdom. Methodology: The study was conducted in two phases: (i) production of soybean coffee by the community of Lauwon Village, Banggai Regency, involving sorting, washing, roasting, grinding, sieving, and packaging; and (ii) evaluation of consumer preference using a five-point Likert-scale organoleptic test. A total of 50 semi-trained panelists participated, assessing color, taste, aroma, and viscosity. The data were analyzed descriptively. Results: The results showed that soybean coffee had a dark brown color with a characteristic roasted aroma. Consumer preference scores were categorized as slightly liked/moderate for color and viscosity, and ranged from disliked to slightly liked/moderate for taste and aroma. Roasting was identified as the dominant factor influencing the sensory attributes. Findings: The findings indicate that Lauwon soybean coffee is moderately acceptable to consumers but requires process optimization to improve taste and aroma. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in the utilization of local Lauwon soybeans as an analog coffee product and the direct evaluation of consumer preferences. Originality: Originality is demonstrated through the integration of community-based production processes with scientific sensory analysis. Conclusion: Lauwon soybean coffee has potential to be developed as an innovative alternative beverage based on local resources, with further optimization of the roasting process. Type of Paper : Research Article.

Analysis Of Light Color Type And Duration Of Exposure To Light On The Growth And Production Of Shallots (Allium Cepa L.)

2026-06-19T15:15:25+07:00

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of the color of LED light on the growth of shallot plants (Allium cepa L.). with the duration of illumination indoors. Methodology: The research used a randomized group design. There are seven treatments consisting of one treatment using sunlight (P0), and six treatments of artificial light each using 20-watt LED lamps. The six treatments of artificial light were conducted indoors using different light colors and durations of illumination. The six treatments are: red light color and a duration of 12 hours (P1), red light color and a duration of 15 hours (P2), blue light color and a duration of 12 hours (P3), blue light color and a duration of 15 hours (P4), white light color and a duration of 12 hours (P5), white light color and a duration of 15 hours (P6). Each treatment consists of 4 plants, totaling 28 plant samples. The production data of the plants was analyzed using variance analysis. Results: The observations indicated that the effects of light color and duration of exposure on the growth and production of red onion plants did not show significant differences, but were better compared to the sunlight exposure treatment based on all observed parameters, which included the number of leaves, plant height, bulb diameter, bulb weight, number of bulbs, and harvest age of the red onion plants. Novelty: This research is expected to provide useful guidance for farmers and business actors in practicing more efficient and sustainable shallot cultivation. Conclusion: Based on the research conducted, red onion plants are very suitable for areas with cooler temperatures; it is recommended to use a fan to regulate the room's heat, because red onion plants can grow and develop in areas with cooler temperatures. Type of Paper: This writing is a Research Article.

Sensory Profile And Panelist Acceptance Level of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) Juice Jelly Candy With The Addition of Various Flavored Yogurt

2026-06-19T15:15:26+07:00

Purpose : This study aimed to analyze the effect of adding yogurt in six flavor variants—stroberi, lychee, grape, blueberry, mango, and plain—on the sensory profile and panelist acceptability of tomato juice jelly candy. Methodology: This experimental study used a completely randomized design with one factor, namely yogurt flavor variation, consisting of six formulations (F1–F6). The quantities of tomato juice, yogurt, gelatin, granulated sugar, and liquid sugar were kept constant across all formulations; the only difference among treatments was the yogurt flavor used. Sixty panelists participated in a triangle test for sensory sensitivity screening. A total of 42 panelists who passed the screening proceeded to descriptive scoring and hedonic testing for color, aroma, texture, and taste. Data were analyzed using a binomial test for panelist screening, the Kruskal–Wallis test for comparison among formulations, and pairwise post hoc tests when significant differences were detected. Results: A total of 42 of 60 panelists (70.0%) passed the sensory sensitivity screening. Yogurt flavor variation significantly affected the descriptive sensory scores of color, aroma, and taste, but did not significantly affect texture. In the hedonic test, significant differences were also observed for color, aroma, and taste, while texture did not differ significantly. Exploratorily, F1 (stroberi yogurt) showed the highest overall hedonic mean. Findings: These findings can serve as a basis for further research, since this study focused only on sensory variables. Future studies may examine nutritional content, bioactive compounds, and lactic acid bacteria content. Novelty: This study integrates sensory sensitivity screening, descriptive profiling, and hedonic testing to evaluate tomato juice jelly candy with flavored yogurt variants. Originality: Research on the addition of yogurt to fruit juice jelly candy has not been previously conducted. Conclusion: The addition of yogurt in different flavor variants affected both the sensory profile and panelist acceptability of tomato juice jelly candy. F1 is recommended as the overall best formulation based on the highest combined hedonic mean, although for some attributes it was not always significantly different from other formulations within the same significance group. Type of Paper : Research article.

Efficiency of Fertilization Through A Combination of Pseudomonas Fluorescens and NPK Fertilizer On Pre-Nursery Growth of Oil Palm Seedlings

2026-06-19T15:15:26+07:00

Purpose : This study aimed to evaluate the extent to which Pseudomonas fluorescens can support the growth of oil palm seedlings while reducing the required dosage of inorganic NPK fertilizer. Methodology: The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the Plantation Crop Production Technology Study Program, Citra Widya Edukasi Oil Palm Polytechnic. A factorial experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with several treatment levels of P. fluorescens and NPK. Results: The findings revealed that NPK fertilization had a significant effect on the growth of oil palm seedlings, whereas the sole application of Pseudomonas fluorescens showed no significant effect on the observed parameters. Conclusion: The application of Pseudomonas fluorescens had no significant effect on all observed parameters, except for stem diameter at 8 weeks after planting (WAP). NPK fertilizer did not affect stem diameter but significantly influenced plant height at 3 and 5 WAP, as well as leaf number increment at 12 WAP. The combination of Pseudomonas fluorescens and NPK fertilizer showed no significant interaction. Nevertheless, the combined use of Pseudomonas fluorescens and NPK fertilizer is expected to enhance fertilization efficiency and promote seedling growth in a more environmentally friendly manner. Type of Paper : Research article

The Profitability And Financial Feasibility Analysis Local Chicken Slaughter Business At Ragawi Farm

2026-06-22T10:48:23+07:00

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the profits earned by farmers and assess the financial feasibility of the local chicken slaughter business at Ragawi Farm in Sleman Regency. Methodology: This study uses a descriptive analysis method with a quantitative approach and a case study research type. The data used consists of primary and secondary data obtained through interviews, literature studies, documentation, and questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out by calculating the total profit and assessing financial feasibility using the Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C), Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C), Break Even Point (BEP), and Net Profit Margin (NPM) methods. Results: The local chicken slaughter business at Ragawi Farm generated a profit of IDR 50,495,370 over nine periods. The R/C value of 1.67 and the B/C value of 0.67. The break-even point (BEP) was 507 chickens, with a BEP value of Rp33,455,577, and the Net Profit Margin was 40%. Findings: The local chicken slaughter business at Ragawi Farm in Sleman Regency has been declared feasible. Novelty: Financial feasibility analysis of local chicken slaughter business integrated with breeding and slaughterhouse activities (RPA) in a single business unit at Ragawi Farm. Originality: A specific case study on the Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) local chicken business at Ragawi Farm, Sleman Regency, which has not been widely studied in previous research. Conclusion: The local chicken slaughter business at Ragawi Farm is profitable for farmers and worth developing from a financial perspective. Type of Paper: Research Article.

Erosion Prediction And Land Conservation Planning Using The Usle Method In The Cikamiri Sub-Watershed

2026-06-30T20:14:15+07:00

Purpose: This study aims to predict erosion levels and formulate land conservation directions in the Cikamiri Sub-Watershed as an effort to control land degradation and reduce the risk of hydrological disasters. This study is important considering the high potential for erosion that can trigger sedimentation, landslides, and floods in the Cikamiri Watershed area. Methodology: The study used a spatial quantitative approach with the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) method based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The analyzed parameters included rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), crop management (C), and soil conservation practices (P). Furthermore, erosion control strategies were formulated using SWOT analysis based on the internal and external conditions of the study area. Results: The prediction results showed that the Cikamiri Sub-Watershed was dominated by a very slight erosion hazard level of 43%, while very severe erosion reached 23%, distributed in areas with steep slopes and residential areas. Findings: Land cover factors, slope steepness, and the low presence of vegetation cover in certain areas were the dominant factors influencing erosion levels. Novelty: This study integrates USLE- and GIS-based erosion prediction with SWOT analysis to produce more applicable land conservation directions at the sub-watershed level. Originality: Describes the new or innovative elements of the research that distinguish it from previous studies. This can involve new approaches, new methods, or new findings. Conclusion: Erosion control in the Cikamiri Sub-Watershed needs to be directed through vegetation strengthening, the implementation of soil conservation, spatial planning management, and sustainable community involvement. Type of Paper: Research article.

The Effect Of Different Percentages Of Durian Seed Flour (Durio Zibethinus L) On The Physical Properties Of Edible Straw

2026-06-22T11:56:54+07:00

Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of adding durian seed flour (Durio zibethinus L) on the physical properties of edible straw. Methodology: This study used an experimental method by producing durian seed flour and edible straw, then conducting several physical tests to determine the characteristics of the edible straw product. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) using three levels of durian seed flour percentage (50%, 60%, 70%). Data analysis was performed using SPSS with ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) at a significance level of <0.05. If there was a significant effect, it was followed by Duncan's test. Results: The study showed that an increase in the percentage of durian seed flour significantly reduced the swelling ratio, indicating an increase in resistance to water absorption. The lowest swelling ratio values were obtained in the 60% and 70% treatments. In the temperature resistance test, all treatments were stable at 5°C and 25°C, while at 45°C, the 60% and 70% treatments showed better stability than the 50% treatment. The parameters of color, solubility, thickness, and texture showed no significant differences between treatments. Findings: Differences in durian seed flour percentage had a significant effect on several physical characteristics of edible straw. Novelty: This study utilized durian seeds as flour as the main ingredient in the production of edible straw. Originality: This study utilizes durian seed waste as an alternative to plastic straws. Conclusion: The addition of durian seed flour affects the swelling test results and resistance at 45°C. Type of Paper: research article.

Estimation Of The Shelf Life Of Mackerel Tuna Sausage With The Addition Of Basil Leaf Extract Using The Aslt Method

2026-06-27T21:21:54+07:00

Purpose: This study aimed to estimate the shelf life of mackerel tuna sausage (Euthynnus affinis) supplemented with basil leaf extract (Ocimum basilicum L.) using the Accelerated Shelf Life Test (ASLT) method with the Arrhenius approach based on protein content and sensory quality parameters. Methodology: The product was stored at -15°C, 5°C, 25°C, and 35°C for 15 days with observations conducted every 3 days. Protein content was determined using the Kjeldahl method, while sensory quality was evaluated through hedonic testing. Data were analyzed using zero-order and first-order kinetic models and subsequently processed using the Arrhenius equation to estimate product shelf life. Results: The results indicated that increasing storage temperature accelerated the decline in protein content and sensory quality of mackerel tuna sausage, whereas lower temperatures were more effective in preserving product quality. Findings: Storage temperature significantly influenced the deterioration rate of the product, with higher temperatures causing a faster reduction in product quality. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in the application of basil leaf extract as a natural antioxidant in mackerel tuna sausage and the simultaneous use of protein and sensory parameters in shelf-life prediction through the ASLT-Arrhenius approach. Originality: The originality of this research is demonstrated by the combination of basil leaf extract and vacuum packaging, which effectively slowed product deterioration during storage. Conclusion: The estimated shelf life of mackerel tuna sausage supplemented with basil leaf extract was 43 days at -15°C and 35 days at 5°C, indicating that low-temperature storage is recommended to maintain product quality and extend shelf life. Paper Type: Experimental research article.

Strategi Strategies For Octopus Fishermen'S Livelihoods In Linau Village, Maje Sub-District, Kaur Regency

2026-06-27T22:35:49+07:00

Purpose : To analyze pre-octopus season livelihood strategies and income of octopus fishermen, understanding socio-economic adaptations and household resilience contributions. This study is vital for coastal development policies. Methodology: Qualitative approach using in-depth interviews, observation, and income formulas. Results: Strategies include job diversification (fish fishing, labor, farming, side businesses), seasonal migration, and social strategies (cooperative savings, government aid, collaborations). Average gross daily income Rp251,429; monthly Rp5,382,143, influenced by seasons and weather. Findings: These adaptations sustain household economies. Novelty: Analysis of pre-season strategies in Linau Village context. Originality: Integrated qualitative-quantitative perspective on seasonal octopus fishermen. Conclusion: Diversification and social strategies are effective; recommendations include strengthening cooperatives and sustainable diversification. Type of Paper : Case study.

Numerical Simulation And Model Validation Of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Slow Pyrolysis Yield Prediction

2026-06-29T15:52:46+07:00

Purpose : This study aims to develop and validate a numerical simulation model for Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) slow pyrolysis to predict biochar and liquid smoke yields within the temperature range of 400–600°C for optimizing palm oil waste conversion. Methodology : The research utilizes a first-order Arrhenius reaction kinetics approach with an activation energy (Ea) of 87.49 kJ/mol. Model validation was performed by comparing simulation results with experimental data from the latest literature (2023–2025) using RMSE, MAPE, and $R^2$ statistical metrics. Results : The simulation model demonstrates very high accuracy with an RMSE of 0.271%, MAPE of 0.74%, and $R^2$ of 0.9726 at a heating rate of 10°C/min. At an operating temperature of 450°C, the model predicts a biochar yield of 30.7% and an estimated liquid smoke yield of 18.6%. Findings : The numerical model is proven capable of precisely representing the thermal degradation process of EFB, enabling product yield prediction without intensive laboratory testing. Novelty : The use of the most recent validation datasets (last three years) and specific application to a gas-fueled slow pyrolysis model tailored for EFB characteristics. Originality : This research offers an integrative approach between kinetic simulation and specific pyrolysis device parameters, providing a practical solution for predicting waste mass conversion efficiency into value-added products. Conclusion : The developed model is valid and reliable for predicting EFB pyrolysis product yields, serving as a technical tool for the design and optimization of small-to-medium-scale pyrolysis reactors. Type of Paper: Research Article.

Characteristics Of Peatland Chemical Properties Due To Differences In Land Use In Muara Sugihan District Banyuasin Regency South Sumatra Province

2026-06-29T16:03:13+07:00

Purpose : This study aims to analyze the characteristics of peat soil chemical properties due to differences in land use and differences in depth in Muara Sugihan District, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra. Methodology : Determination of sampling points using the purposive sampling method, soil sampling using the composite method, and the samples were analyzed in the Agrotechnology Unida Gontor laboratory. Soil samples were collected from several land-use types, namely agriculture, plantations, and natural forests. Soil pH analysis was carried out using 1 N KCl solution, The Walkley and Black method determined organic carbon, Total nitrogen was analyzed using the Kjeldahl method, Available phosphorus was analyzed using Bray I, exchangeable potassium was analyzed using 1 N NH4 Acetate extraction pH 7 and measured with a flame photometer, Cation exchange capacity using the 1N NH4 Acetate Extract method on basic cations, and base saturation is the result of base cations and exchangeable potassium, while organic acids were analyzed using the spectrophotometric method. Results : The results of laboratory analysis show that the conversion of forest land into agricultural land shows better prospects than the conversion into plantation land. Findings : Higher organic matter content in agricultural land is crucial for long-term sustainability and as a foundation for soil fertility. Conclusion. Differences in the depth pattern of the topsoil (0-30) cm and subsoil (30-60) layers also indicate that agricultural practices such as tillage, crop rotation, and the application of organic matter can distribute nutrients more evenly in the soil profile. This article is an article resulting from research on the chemical analysis of peatland in Muara Sugihan District, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra. Type of Paper: Research article.

Influence Of Competencies Agent’S Of Change On The Success Of Adopting Sustainable Agriculture

2026-06-30T10:36:28+07:00

Purpose : To identify the dominant factors influencing the successful adoption of sustainable agriculture innovations in Besowo Village, Kepung Subdistrict, Kediri Regency. Methodology : A quantitative approach was used, based on descriptive methods. The research respondents were horticultural farmers in the study area who were members of three farmer groups, namely Tani Mulo, Mekar Sari, and Mawar Indah, with a total sample size of 76 people. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression with independent variables including technical competence (X1), communication (X2), and motivation (X3), and the dependent variable being the level of innovation adoption (Y). Results : The competencies of change agents simultaneously influence the level of innovation adoption, with an F-value of and a significance level of 0.007 < 0.05. However, when analyzed partially, the variables of technical competence and motivation did not have a significant effect, whereas communication competence had a significant effect on the adoption of environmentally friendly innovations. This explains that the ability of change agents to communicate materials and practices has a greater influence on farmers’ adoption of environmentally friendly agricultural innovations. Findings : These findings can assist field extension officers in appropriately enhancing their competencies to promote increased and sustainable adoption of environmentally friendly agriculture. Originality : This study was specifically conducted in Besowo Village, Kepung Subdistrict, Kediri Regency, and the sample was drawn directly from local horticultural farmers. Conclusion : Simultaneously, the competencies of extension workers as agents of change—namely technical, Communication, and motivation influence farmers in adopting environmentally friendly agricultural innovations. However, partially, only communication competence has a significant effect. Type of Paper : Research Article.

Effectiveness of Oil Palm Farmers’ Adaptation Strategies In Facing Social Change

2026-06-19T15:15:22+07:00

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the extent of social change, adaptation strategies, and the effectiveness of adaptation strategies among oil palm farmers, as well as to examine the influence of social change on adaptation strategies and its impact on the effectiveness of farmers’ adaptation strategies in Pondok Kelapa Subdistrict, Central Bengkulu Regency. Methodology : This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method on oil palm farmers as research respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method to test the influence between social change, adaptation strategies, and the effectiveness of adaptation strategies. Results: The results of the study indicate that social change has a significant impact on the adaptation strategies of oil palm farmers. The adaptation strategies employed by farmers were also found to have a significant impact on the effectiveness of these strategies, whereas the direct impact of social change on the effectiveness of adaptation strategies was not significant. Findings: This finding indicates that the higher the adaptation strategies implemented by farmers, the higher the effectiveness of adaptation strategies achieved in maintaining the sustainability of oil palm farming amid the dynamics of social change. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in its examination of the role of adaptation strategies as a mediating variable in the relationship between social change and the effectiveness of adaptation strategies among oil palm farmers, using the SEM-PLS approach. Originality: The originality of this study lies in its research subjects and location palm oil farmers in Pondok Kelapa Subdistrict, Central Bengkulu Regency as well as in its focus on the effectiveness of farmers’ adaptation strategies in coping with social change. Conclusion : Farmers’ ability to respond to social changes through appropriate adaptation strategies is a key factor in enhancing the effectiveness of adaptation and the sustainability of oil palm farming. Type of Paper : Research article.

The Plant Water Extract-Based Bioherbicides in Sustainable Weed Control: A Review of Experimental Studies

2026-06-19T15:15:22+07:00

Objective: This study aims to estimate the success rate of bioherbicides and observe their potential as a more environmentally friendly and sustainable means of weed control, particularly those based on plant water extracts, in inhibiting the growth and suppressing the germination of weeds. Methodology: This research is systematic in nature, in the form of a literature review of experiments that have been published in the last ten years. This literature search was conducted across database systems, both national and international, and the selection of articles followed the PRISMA methodology. Results: A review of research in various fields, both experimental and non-experimental, shows that plant water extracts, whether sourced from cultivated plants, weeds, medicinal plants, or aromatic plants, can inhibit weed sprouts, root growth, shoots, and biomass, and this can be done for various types of weeds. Experimental studies show that bioherbicides derived from aqueous extracts of various weed types, when grown to optimal levels, actively participate in regulating their growth patterns. Findings: Most studies show a tendency toward an increase in root shoot extracts that have a modulating effect, along with an increase in the concentration of extracts that have an inhibitory effect. Novelty: This review presents a comprehensive, experimental-based synthesis approach specifically for the use of water extracts as environmentally friendly bioherbicides in solvents. Originality: This article synthesizes aspects of extract sources, allelopathy mechanisms, and factors determining effectiveness to formulate recommendations for the application and development of sustainable bioherbicides. Conclusion: Bioherbicides derived from aquatic plant extracts have the potential to serve as an alternative, effective, and environmentally friendly technology for weed control. However, this still requires further formulation standards and field validation. Document type: Literature review.